Often you can hear such a phrase as “address program”. This is especially true in cases where it comes to public servants. What is it? In what sense can this phrase be used? These questions will be answered in the framework of the article.
general information
Begin with a definition. The targeted program is a policy of targeted influence on perspective / problematic aspects of activity and existence in society. It is used to achieve maximum efficiency from resources allocated to the social sphere. Distinguish between federal, regional, regional and municipal targeted programs. They differ in their scope, goals, scope and scope of influence. Often a similar approach is used in conditions of limited resources. It allows you to effectively use the available opportunities and at the same time deal with the problem points of society. The development of various programs is only one of the many elements of the ongoing policy (it does not matter, economic, social, scientific, technical, demographic). It should be noted that not only public servants can use the tools of the targeted program, but also various private structures and even individual individuals who engage in a specific field for their personal reasons. Let's look at special cases of implementation.
Demographic sphere
It is no secret that there are many challenges in terms of population. The most obvious should be the reduction in population. But this undermines the position of the state in the world. To solve this problem, a number of solutions have been developed. For example, such is the targeted resettlement program, which facilitates the return of fellow citizens who have gone abroad. Or material support at birth. Although it should be noted that not all decisions are approved because of the attendant negative factors. For example, payments for children are often criticized. For example, the fact that asocial elements thus "earn" a living. As an alternative, a partial tax exemption is proposed in order to support officially employed workers. But this is not limited to criticism. For example, many do not like the provision of citizenship of the Russian Federation to the inhabitants of Central Asia on the basis of a common past as part of the USSR. After all, this leads to ethnic tension, an increase in the level of criminogenicity and the replacement of the indigenous population. Moreover, migration does not fully compensate for the decline in the population.
Investment area
In this case, all actions should be aimed at creating an optimal climate in the state for investments. And targeted investment program provides significant assistance in this. It should be noted that the policy implemented in this case is characterized by a complex structure. Targeted investment programs are aimed at improving the welfare of state-priority enterprises, production and transport infrastructure.
Supporting economic development
When it comes to investment, you need to remember that the amount of resources is limited. Therefore, it is necessary to work hard to be used effectively. Targeted programs include financing by budget funds or partial exemption from taxes. If we talk about the direction of funds, then they can go to:
- The construction of new industrial facilities.
- Implementation of technical improvements and restoration of existing enterprises and infrastructure.
- The acquisition of real estate with the subsequent implementation of production goals.
Targeted programs also often involve the use of a wide range of measures that will increase the capitalization of a particular investment project. When compiling them, a lot of attention is paid to the principles underlying the distribution of funds, which will be allocated from the federal budget. To increase the likelihood of a positive outcome, you need to work on:
- Ensuring the maximum economic and social effect of the funds invested from the budget.
- The clarity and purposefulness of the decisions that apply to the implementation of investment projects.
- Centralization of resources allocated for the construction, reconstruction and modernization of facilities.
- Compliance with priority.
The greatest support is provided by the federal targeted investment program. But getting approval in this case is not easy.
Social sphere
It just so happens that a person has certain inclinations to work, and it is difficult to realize all potential for a number of reasons. Or it is necessary to provide material support to those who work for the good of the state. For example, the targeted housing program allows you to provide housing for people who, for certain reasons, cannot purchase it on their own. This is the military, and employees of law enforcement agencies, and doctors, and teachers. A few decades ago, the only possible option was to obtain an object in the property due to state distribution. Now targeted housing programs are more diverse. For example, it is proposed to purchase real estate on credit when the state pays part or all of the interest rate. This can be as long-term support (for large families) or be proportionate to the service (for example, for military contract soldiers the rate is covered while they serve). This is very beneficial, because the size of the payment of the principal amount is commensurate with the rent. Only if you negotiate with a private trader, you will have to move out sometime, while acquiring your own real estate you can be sure that after the mortgage closes, there will be its own living space. In addition, they can provide targeted programs to various needy. For example, scholarships that are paid to students so that they can study and not be distracted. Or the support of pensioners, that is, people who worked, filled the budget and are now supported by taxes collected by the state. So, a federal targeted program to compensate for inflationary processes, payments provided for a particular holiday and the like can be provided.
And what is abroad?
There, too, there is an analogue of domestic targeted programs. Although with certain nuances. After all, it should be understood that our country inherited from the Soviet Union a very substantial burden of social security and support. But at the same time, the question of finding resources remains open. Some countries are following the socialist path of development. This is relatively obtained (Scandinavia), although there are certain problems (France). Others rely on capitalism and the independent responsibility of people for their future (USA). Of course, each approach has its costs. But if you competently manage the entire system, then it turns out to minimize them.
Implementation specifics
You need to understand that the targeted program is a guide that discusses how funds will be allocated for financial support for recognized as expedient projects in the current and subsequent periods. But if something is agreed upon and even a decision is made, this does not mean that it will be implemented.After all, it may happen that the money allocated for a particular program is redirected to something else. You should not even exclude the option according to which they will all be lost somewhere along the way.
Conclusion
So it is considered what are targeted programs. They are a very important tool for maintaining the life of society in the face of limited resources and the need for decision-making that, to one degree or another, affects the future of a state, society, region or city.