Anti-corruption activity is a way to combat the destructive problem that is characteristic of our country. Corruption in Russia has become an important factor in slowing down economic development; it has become a serious threat to democratic transformations and leads to serious social consequences.
Urgency of the problem
Corruption undermines the trust of ordinary citizens in government, leads to the degradation of society, the deterioration of social and political structures. A similar process causes serious damage to the prestige and image of our state in the world political arena.
A similar phenomenon simply engulfed power at all its basic levels, which is why anti-corruption activity is so important. This phenomenon has a serious public danger. Corruption leads to the decomposition of the democratic institutions of society, causing serious concerns about their existence.
The negative effects of corruption
It leads to the violation of equal rights in people's access to public and material goods, which is unacceptable for a democratic system. Corruption corrupts the moral principles of society. People who are far from political games believe that the top officials of the state are dishonest and “corrupt”. In real life, echoes of this phenomenon often arise.
Organization of anti-corruption activities is a mandatory element aimed at restoring public confidence in official authorities. Corruption has penetrated into all state spheres, including law enforcement agencies. They cover up the criminals who are in their ranks, which exacerbates corruption. In our country, this problem is considered a negative characteristic of municipal and state governance, which is a serious obstacle to stable economic growth, increasing the competitiveness of the Russian economy, and improving the welfare of ordinary citizens.
Anti-corruption policy
For its implementation, such a powerful and effective tool as public monitoring is used. Anti-corruption activity is a whole series of sequential actions that are carried out at the state level, involving the involvement of representatives of business, government, civil society in their full implementation.
In 2008, the President of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev, proclaimed a course towards a serious fight against corruption elements. By the end of the same year, the State Duma adopts the Federal Law "On Combating Corruption", and also proposes a plan of anti-corruption activities. At the same time, the federal framework rules related to such activities were determined.
Corruption as a social phenomenon
This is a fairly ancient phenomenon, as is the social society in which people lived. Humanity has always tried to understand the causes of corruption, to find effective ways to combat it. The famous Chinese reformer Wang Anshi mentioned in his writings two sources of this social phenomenon: bad people and bad laws.
In the 14th century, Ibn Khaldun seriously enough studied the main causes of corruption. He believed that it arises from the elite's desire for a luxurious life. The scientist pointed out that a similar problem leads to serious economic difficulties. If full anti-corruption activities are not conducted, the situation is exacerbated.
Definition of the phenomenon
Corruption does not have one canonical definition. It exists due to the fact that the official has the right to dispose of certain resources, the adoption or non-adoption of certain decisions. Among such resources, one can allocate budget funds, municipal or state property. An official who collects taxes, fines, payments, tries to independently manage the resources received.
Manifestations of corruption
The anti-corruption standard of activity involves the adoption by a public servant of a decision based on the goals that are established by state laws, the constitution, as well as other regulatory acts.
Corruption arises when genuine goals are replaced by self-serving preferences of a representative of the authorities embodied in concrete actions. This is quite enough to consider the phenomenon of abuse of one's official position for personal gain. Rarely does an official manage to profit from his official position by acting in isolation. Most often, a civil servant involves other persons in the unlawful activity, for example, by hiding from the society the misappropriation of funds owned by the state.
Corruption Situations
Here are some specific examples that can be associated with the term “corruption”. For example, the regiment commander builds a personal summer house for himself using state funds: military personnel, equipment, and materials. His work does not fall under the classical understanding of corruption. The head, using his power and authority, acquires material wealth at the expense of subordinates. The head pays with the "accomplices" for additional bonuses, as well as illegal promotion of them up the career ladder.
The second example is the activities of officials who must, according to Russian law, work honestly. In reality, many officials make decisions regarding individuals, other companies (individual entrepreneurs) they arrange these trials before they agree to do business. In Russian jurisprudence, such behavior was formerly called bribery.
Interesting Facts
In the narrow sense, corruption is usually understood to mean a situation in which an official makes an unlawful decision that allows him to extract personal profit, or provide special conditions to a competing company, receiving additional material profit from it. A characteristic feature of such a situation can be considered a decision that is contrary to law and social standards. Both parties act by consent, receiving illegal material benefits and privileges, trying by any means to hide their own actions.
There are also cases when, under the pressure of others, officials are forced to make decisions that are contrary to Russian law. This is characteristic of civil servants who were drawn into criminal activity by blackmail. They do not receive material benefits, they commit crimes only for fear of exposure.
Types of Corruption
At present, grassroots and top-level corruption are singled out. The second is associated with politicians, senior and middle officials, their adoption of decisions that have a high price. These include government orders, laws, change of ownership. The first exists at the lower and middle levels, characterized by the systematic interaction of citizens and officials. For example, this applies to registration, fines, admission to educational institutions. Both parties are equally interested in such a deal. For example, a low-ranking official acts as a bribe-giver in relation to his leadership in return for the fact that it will cover his corrupt activities.Such relationships are called "vertical corruption." In order to cope with this situation, we need a systematic anti-corruption activity. Measures aimed at eliminating this "plague of the 21st century" should be clearly thought out, logically built.
Typology of corruption
This phenomenon implies the receipt of dishonest cash income, bribes by state structures, extorted from ordinary citizens for their personal enrichment. Participants in this process can be not only representatives of state authorities, but also company managers, directors of kindergartens and schools, as well as individual entrepreneurs.
This phenomenon can be considered the reverse side of the functioning of any centralized state, claiming control and large-scale accounting. As the state apparatus became more complex, corruption modernized, anti-corruption activities were needed. Documents controlling such a process are approved at the level of the highest state power; they are mandatory for all structures.
Educational structure
How should anti-corruption activities be carried out in DOE? There is a certain procedure that is used in all kindergartens. The action plan for anti-corruption activities is developed and approved by the director. The list should include conversations with kindergarten staff aimed at suppressing possible manifestations of corruption. In order to prevent controversial situations, the authority to accept children in groups was transferred to the municipal authorities. The government has developed a clear sequence of activities according to which parents submit an application for their children to go to state preschool institutions through the government services portal, after receiving a certain number after registration. According to it, they will be able to track the status of the submitted application, which completely suppresses any corruption actions by the kindergarten management.
School corruption prevention
The anti-corruption activity in the school is a system of clearly planned activities that do not allow the leadership of the educational institution to use their official position for personal selfish purposes. For example, if the director of an educational organization was engaged in the issuance of school leaving certificates, then now the production of documents is an automated process, which completely excludes the “sale” of certificates by school management. Anti-corruption activity in the school involves a set of measures, including working with the teaching staff, which helps prevent corruption situations. For example, the correction of teachers' grades for schoolchildren for a bribe, the collection of money from parents for repairs in classrooms, the purchase of gifts for teachers, and the purchase of school textbooks is being suppressed. At the end of the year, a detailed report is compulsory. Anti-corruption activities in educational institutions have become commonplace, it has already yielded certain positive results.
Corruption in Russia
Until the eighteenth century, it was considered a completely legal way of “feeding” for government officials. Since the beginning of the eighteenth century, it has become a serious crime in any form. In Soviet Russia, bribery was considered counter-revolutionary activity, execution was supposed to be punishment for it. As the first high-profile case related to malpractice, the case of the company "Ocean" is considered. In the perestroika period, this topic became relevant in the highest echelons of power.
Moscow investigators Nikolay Ivanov and Telman Gdlyan, who uncovered the "cotton" case, gained all-Union fame.In 1999, Deputy Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation Yuri Chaika announced the information according to which our country was among the ten most corrupt countries in the world.
Conclusion
After the adoption by the State Duma of the Russian Federation (2009) of a law relating to general rules for the organization of services, the performance of state functions, which allowed citizens to charge for "state functions and services", the results of sociological studies conducted in the period from 2010 to 2017 showed that still the maximum share of corruption falls on government officials. Significant growth was shown in the field of education, as well as medicine. A similar situation is associated with the enrollment of children in school, kindergarten, passing uniform state exams, sessions, and admission to higher educational institutions. In the media, ordinary citizens continue to learn about serious abuse of their official powers by the governors, their deputies, and officials from the presidential apparatus.