A Bank of Russia ticket is an official means of payment of the Russian Federation, put into circulation in 1992. Control over the issue of cash is carried out by the Central Bank, and non-cash - by commercial organizations, providing them in the form of loans.
The first mention of money in Russia
I would like to understand how the modern Russian state came to that financial system and to the use of the modern type of money ticket of the Bank of Russia, which is currently operating in our country. For this, it is necessary to observe the chronology of events from the very beginning of the formation of calculations.
In the IX century, skins of various animals (furs), valuable stones, fabrics and even food were considered money in Russia. Since our forests were very rich in resources, this attracted eastern merchants with their exotic goods. The first money in the form of physical signs in Russia appeared thanks to the Byzantine Empire. These were coins made of gold. But, in addition to Byzantium, silver coins were imported to Russia from Western European countries. Such money began to be called "silver pieces" and "goldilocks." Later they began to mint their own coins. They began to be called rubles, made of silver in the city of Novgorod, half a ruble was called a half.
System building
The beginning of the formation of monetary circulation began closer to the end of the 9th century. Subsequently, the names of the coins changed to silver hryvnias, Prague pennies, dirhams, kunas, nails, pools and, finally, money. But these are far from all names, but only known to historians. It is worth noting that the first paper money in Russia appeared under Catherine II.
But up to this point it was still very far away. Until the X century, the ancient Russians were satisfied with the use of Arabic coins as the main and Roman coins as an auxiliary means of settlement. In addition to them, as already noted, the Russian market was flooded with a huge amount of Byzantine money.
At first, hides, fabrics, or stones were considered to be means of payment. They quickly deteriorated, and the stones were completely uncomfortable to carry. In this regard, the minting of coins spread throughout the world, each powerful state was distinguished by its unique sign.
The financial system as a result of strengthening sovereignty
Another step towards the formation of today's Bank of Russia ticket was the reign of Prince Vladimir Krasnoye Solnyshko, the Baptism of Russia in 988 and victory in important military battles. They contributed to building ties with the Byzantine Empire and creating new money. Yes, they were the same “gold medalists” and “silver coins”, which had similarities with Arab and Byzantine coins, but they were not so much commercial as cultural and political value for the Russian people.
Then three centuries of economic devastation, slavery and life under the Mongol-Tatar yoke followed, but in the XIV century the dawn of the Russian national currency began with renewed vigor. Before the reform of 1534, when a certain clarity was introduced into the money circulation system, there were many varieties of coins due to the political fragmentation of the Russian state. Each principality had its own unique coin with a coat of arms, and for a long time it was not possible to come to any single standard. The new reform reduced the number of hammered yards, there were only three: Pskov, Novgorod and Moscow. They created the same type of state money.
Over time, the manufacture of silver and gold coins became simply impossible, since their minting lacked precious metals. I even had to process silverware.Finding new sources and deposits was problematic, therefore, during the formation and formation of the Moscow state, copper coins began to appear in circulation.
The end of the approval of the money system, which most of all influenced the appearance of the modern ticket of the Bank of Russia, can be considered 1700-1704. The issue of coins with a convenient denomination resumed, rubles, half a half, half a half, half a half, half a half, hryvnias and altyns appeared.
First paper notes
Glimpses of the emergence of a Bank of Russia cash ticket in its current form gradually began to appear thanks to the decree of Peter III of 1762. It reported that due to domestic debts of 4 million, printing paper money would be more convenient. But a coup d'etat began in the country, which was arranged by Catherine II, seizing power. The reform was postponed for several years.
Soon two banks were created, where there was an exchange of coppers for paper money. It was convenient. Paper, of course, was cheaper than copper, the number of printed banknotes increased.
At first, this had a positive effect on commodity circulation, but then the release of money became uncontrollable, and depreciation began. The Russian Empire took a lot of time and effort to stabilize the course.
Credit tickets under Nicholas I
The binding of the national currency to silver greatly devalued it. After all, this metal is not so precious. Despite the appearance of paper money, the most common means of payment at that time was the silver ruble. Paper notes began to depreciate, a need arose for a qualitatively new economic approach.
It was then that the credit card of Nicholas I was replaced. Initially, it did not have the function of money. But according to a manifest issued on July 1, 1841, a credit ticket became the main cash. After this innovation, a number of changes were made in the financial system, which led to a new heyday of the state.
In addition to all the improvements, a transition to a gold circulation was made in the likeness of the countries of Western Europe. They already in full enjoyed the advantages of the new system. Gold is the most stable precious metal in the world, which is what the Bank of Russia tickets for today are provided for. The transition to a new circulation system began in 1890, and ended in 1898.
"Freeze" the financial system
For a free and stable cash flow in the Russian Empire, hard times came again. Russian-Japanese and World War I, the revolution of 1904-1905 caused serious damage to the country's economy. There were, of course, attempts to introduce new reforms, but the next revolution rolled Russia back several hundred years.
Rapid inflation began, goods could be bought only through barter exchanges. In parallel with this, the country was flooded with speculators, the authorities introduced food cards. From the point of view of global history, this process did not last long. Soon, the instability of the financial system as a whole forced the state to establish new banknotes.
Final statement
In 1998, the government introduced a reform that allowed the ruble to become stronger and become more stable 1000 times. As a result of this, we are now using the money introduced at that time. The Soviet ruble had to be abandoned, as its rate fell so much that it became unsuitable for use by citizens.
The currency code of the Bank of Russia ticket currency is 610, while under the USSR it was 810 and was changed by Presidential Decree of 08/04/1997. As a result, the ruble was converted at the rate of 1 to 1000. The denomination helped stabilize the situation, both in foreign economic relations and within Russia.
How to distinguish fake banknotes
In order not to fall into the clutches of fraudsters, it is not enough to know one Bank of Russia ticket code. To protect yourself, you need to study at least the minimum set of signs that distinguish real money from fake.This includes watermarks, special reflective paint, additional letters and numbers, small drawings, embossed image, protective strip and more. There are signs that can be seen with the naked eye, but there are those that are distinguishable on special equipment. If you doubt the authenticity of the banknote, you should contact the financial institution to verify it.
This applies to banks in other countries, because you can copy any currencies. As for our state, fraudsters fake everything in a row - from Russian iron coins of any denomination to various securities issued to a citizen in the form of a loan or taken from him in the form of deposits and investments.
How to fake
For example, the offender makes various changes on a bill or security - rules a series or number. On such banknotes you can even change the nominal value.
But things are different with ordinary money, for example, fraudsters re-produce tickets of the Bank of Russia at 1000th, 2000th or 5000th par value. Previously, they were made manually, but now they use a special copying technique, which allows not only repeating the banknote pattern, but also releasing them in large quantities. Sometimes the machine is made independently, where everything is worked out to the smallest detail.
For counterfeiting Bank of Russia tickets, the perpetrator will be convicted under Art. 186 of the Criminal Code. Moreover, it does not matter whether the criminal distributed the bills made or not.
What is the ticket of the Bank of Russia secured
The 21st century for the financial system was marked by the fact that electronic settlement systems came into circulation. We can say that standard monetary circulation is becoming obsolete, but so far all the most stable currencies in the world are backed by gold.
With the advent of new technologies, this approach will and should become obsolete, because in a dynamically developing information society stability and confidence fade into the background. And forward come the speed of money exchange between people, banks, firms, organizations. Electronic money significantly helps in this thanks to new technologies. This process is still moving too slowly, until the world sees the need for such a quick transition to cashless payments. But who knows, maybe our Bank of Russia ticket will be the first to receive its own, qualitatively new virtual mechanisms to ensure the functioning of the financial system?