Everyone should be able to provide first aid for domestic injuries. Such knowledge can help in difficult times when a person’s life will depend on the quality of assistance and knowledge. The rules for rendering depend on the type of injury. If assistance is provided incorrectly, the situation can be greatly aggravated.
What it is
Household injury is an accident that occurs outside of work: in a house, apartment, in the yard, etc. This type of injury is high, and there is no tendency to reduce it.
The main cause of injuries is the performance of various types of homework. You can get injured while cooking, cleaning, repairing. Most often, in the home, the hands are damaged. A quarter of the injuries occur in the fall. In rare cases, various excesses occur as a result of intoxication.
Most often, domestic injuries are found in men, and in women - less often. And mostly people under the age of 25 suffer.
Household injuries include insect bites, animals, scratches, burns, cuts, fractures, bruises. With each form, you must immediately provide proper assistance.
Animal scratches and bites
Household injuries include animal bites and scratches. On their claws and teeth are pathogenic bacteria that cause severe infection. If a stray animal bites, then you immediately need to be vaccinated against rabies.
First aid for bites and scratches is the same as for cuts: the wound is treated with an antiseptic, a bandage is applied. With deep and difficult to heal wounds, the help of a specialist is necessary.
Burns
Among household injuries, burns very often occur. They are divided into chemical and thermal. Each type requires the provision of a certain type of assistance.
With a thermal burn, the affected area must be cooled in water (cool for at least twenty minutes). Then the site of damage is treated with an antiseptic.
With deep burns, bubbles appear. It is forbidden to open them, otherwise the affected area will heal for a long time, the infection will fall into the wound, complication will begin.
If the burn area is large or the wound becomes inflamed, suppurates, then you need to urgently consult a doctor.
With chemical types of burns, the affected area is washed with plenty of water, and then treated with an anti-burn agent. Antidotes, with which the burned areas are washed, help well. For example, with a burn of acetic acid or essence, washing is carried out with alkaline solutions (baking soda).
With chemical burns of internal organs, swelling of the larynx, suffocation can occur. In such cases, it is necessary to deliver the victim to the hospital as soon as possible, where he will be provided with the necessary qualified assistance.
Help with cuts
First aid for household injuries depends on the depth of cut, the degree of damage. With shallow cuts, the wound is treated with an antiseptic and a bandage or patch is applied. For deep cuts, you may need the help of a doctor.
In rare cases, venous bleeding may occur in the domestic environment. With this type of damage, dark blood flows, which stops badly. With this type of injury, a pressure bandage is applied. This type of injury is treated by a doctor.
In case of damage to the arteries, red blood flows with a pulsating fountain. With this type of damage, it is necessary to apply a hemostatic tourniquet as soon as possible and call a doctor. Be sure to indicate the time when the tourniquet was applied, since it can be applied no longer than an hour in warmth and in cold weather for half an hour.
Gas poisoning (carbon monoxide, domestic)
Any household, work-related injury requires immediate assistance. One of the most dangerous injuries is gas poisoning. This is a rare occurrence with a malfunctioning stove, gas boiler or stove, and malfunctioning wood stoves. When a domestic gas leak occurs, a characteristic smell is immediately felt, but the carbon monoxide has no pronounced aroma, which is why it accumulates imperceptibly.
With gas poisoning, dizziness occurs, the head hurts, coordination of movements is disturbed, loss of consciousness occurs. With such symptoms, it is necessary to lay the victim, ventilate the room. With severe gas contamination, it is best to remove the victim to fresh air. If the clinical manifestations do not go away, then you need to call an ambulance.
Bruises and other injuries
With bruises in the first hours (up to a day), cold should be applied to the damaged area to reduce internal bleeding. Further, during the week it is necessary to observe the sore spot. If there is pain that does not subside or swelling does not subside, suppuration appears, the temperature rises, then this is an occasion to consult a doctor. With bruises, it is important to understand that under it there may be a crack or fracture.
For head injuries, consult a doctor. Closed injuries do not always manifest symptomatically, but may come to their senses after a day, when the score is already running for minutes.
Electric shock
Electric shock damage is a dangerous injury that often causes complications.
First aid for this type of injury is to remove the current source: turn off the electricity or remove the wire to the side (this is done with a wooden object or use special tools that do not conduct electricity).
The victim is laid in bed, given a sweet drink. In case of loss of consciousness, it is necessary to call an ambulance and bring the patient to life. Be sure to monitor the heartbeat, breathing.
Sick leave
The Labor Code of the Russian Federation describes injuries sustained during work (industrial) and those that a person receives outside of work. They are considered household. According to the law, there is no fundamental significance of exactly where the injury was received: at work or after hours.
There was a time when, according to the law, an employer could dismiss an employee who received a personal injury and did not go to work for more than four months. Now, employers cannot do this.
Under the new law, the employer must accrue benefits from the date of disability. In the first three days, accruals come from the budget of the company, and then - at the expense of the FSS. In case of domestic injury, the sick-list may not be paid in full, and in total no more than minimum wage. The final amount of the benefit depends on the type of injury and the circumstances in which it was received. For example, if a person is injured while intoxicated, no matter what type, then the payment is unlikely to exceed the minimum wage. If the injury is received from circumstances independent of the employee, then benefits are paid on average earnings. An example of such a situation could be a traumatic brain injury: a person was walking home, and some object fell from the roof. In such a situation, it does not matter whether a person was intoxicated or not, because even in a sober state he would have received this injury. In such cases, the employer is required to pay fully sick leave.
Sick pay
Each person is concerned about the question: how is domestic injury paid? Everything is quite simple. If an injured employee has worked for several consecutive years without interruption, then all income received over the past 24 months is taken, added up and divided by the number of days in these two years. The result is an average income. It will be used for calculations. Income tax will be deducted from this amount.
When calculating benefits for a person who has worked for less than two years, the calculation includes information about income from the previous place of work. For this, the employee needs to take a certificate of income from the previous place of work. By the way, such a document is issued to everyone at the time of dismissal. If there is no such information, then information is requested from the RF PF.
If the employee has not worked for some time, then the calculations are based on the average minimum wage. If the period for caring for a child falls on the sick leave, then you can change the calculation period by taking another 24 months.
The amount received is multiplied by the coefficient of dependence of benefits on experience. After that, the amount of the allowance to be paid from the enterprise fund and the balance paid from the Social Insurance Fund are determined.
Documents for receiving payment
The sick leave payment for domestic injury is carried out after the filing of the relevant documents by the employee. He needs to prepare the original sick leave, if necessary, write a statement to change the billing period.
If an employee is employed at several places of work, then he must submit documents for each place. He needs to submit a sick leave, domestic injury is indicated in it. Moreover, this document is submitted for each place of work. If the employee does not claim benefits, then he should be provided with a copy of the sick-list to confirm the validity of the reason for absence.
If an employee decides to receive benefits only from the main employer, then he needs to submit salary certificates for the last two years from other places.
And how is sick leave injured if an employee quits? Under the new law, if a person is injured within a month from the day of dismissal, the former employer is obliged to pay benefits. To do this, all the same documents are submitted to the accounting department as for employees, as well as a work book. If it does not contain a record of admission to a new job, then the former employer is required to pay benefits.