The word "subject" comes from the Latin subjectum - "subject." It should be understood that as the subject is one of the main members of the proposal, so the subject is an actor, the main engine of some processes. But he is always in interaction with the object, his efforts are directed at him.
Subject - source of activity
Any development - historical, scientific, technical, cultural, is carried out thanks to the creative energy of individuals. The content and nature of their activities make events progressive or regressive. According to philosophers, the subject is one who is not only present in this world, but also takes an active position of researcher and transformer in it.
This word can mean not a separate person, but a group of people, a team actively organizing some activity or participating in it. For example, the school staff of teachers is the subject of the educational process, that is, its organizer and performer.
In literature and in colloquial speech, sometimes a person with negative qualities - cunning, self-serving, lying, is ironically or condemning the subject.
Who or what is called an object?
The subject is always in a state of knowledge or some kind of activity. What his consciousness and action is directed to is called an object (from the Latin objectum - “object”). An object is observed, considered, studied, described - its type, state, explicit and hidden properties and qualities, actions and their methods, structure, changes.
The object of knowledge is not necessarily a single, integral phenomenon or object. This may be a combination of objects or their individual properties and qualities. The same teaching staff and some aspects of its organization and activities, development prospects can become the object of analysis of the commission (which in this case is the subject).
Objects of study can be intangible processes, phenomena or objects removed in time and space: patterns of development of the human psyche, the history of the origin of the planet, astronomical events.
A man himself with respect to himself is sometimes a subject and an object of control and knowledge. For example, a teenager - a subject whose idea of his own "I" is being formed, studies his physical, mental, intellectual, creative possibilities, which individually, in the aggregate, and in various combinations are objects of his attention.
What are similar, how do they differ?
There are few fundamental differences between the object and the subject: the first thinks and acts, the second submits to this effect. To get a clearer picture of what an object and subject are, compare them.
| Options comparing | An object | Subject | Options |
| Who plays the role | Individuals, group, collective | Individuals, group, collective, natural living and non-living objects and phenomena, processes, their properties, qualities | |
| Act | Converts, updates reality | Submits to external influences | In the "man-man" relationship, mutual role changes are possible |
| Inspiration | Possesses consciousness and the will to transform | Inanimate (objects, natural, social and other processes, etc.) | In areas where people interact, the subject is animated (medicine, education, culture, etc.) |
| As manifested in reality | Through vigorous activity | Through passive submission to outside influence |
Basically, the most clear questions about what is an object and subject, what are the differences between them, are more specifically traced within the same sphere of activity.
Civil Rights Settlement
Those who have rights have responsibilities, these are all capable citizens of the country, legal entities and the Russian Federation as a whole, its territories, regions, settlements, municipalities. That is, they are subjects of civil law.
State authorities (ministries, committees, local governments), as well as individual citizens and legal entities act on behalf of the state in all cases when legislative regulation of violated rights and freedoms is required.
Violations may concern such objects of civil law: intangible and tangible (property) benefits, services, work, intellectual activity, information.
The principles of interaction between subjects and objects of law are enshrined in the Civil Code.
Relationships in the Management System
What is an object and subject where there is multi-stage and hierarchy of relations?
At the head of any institution is the subject of management - sole (director, manager) or collegiate (committee, general meeting, commission). His responsibilities include planning, organization, analysis of the enterprise and personnel, interaction with external bodies, partners, suppliers. At the same time, he is the executor of the orders of higher managers, that is, the object of management.
The staff, the staff of the enterprise, each of its members complies with the directives of a person higher up in the ranks - these are the objects of his management. The shop manager, foreman, unit manager, being subordinate to the management, within the framework of their authority play the role of the subject of management.
The interdependence of objects and subjects of production management is multistage and quite complicated. In many ways, its effectiveness depends on their education, qualifications and personality characteristics. The quality of leadership and execution in the "subject-object" system, the content of business interaction is the concern of a smart production manager.
How does a person study and transform the world?
Having ascertained what the subject and object are, one should think about how a person cognizes the world, why it is being transformed, and whether it always works to his own advantage.
The kid studies the environment with the help of the senses, observations. Gradually, under the guidance of adults and thanks to systemic training, he masters the simplest research methods and learns to pose questions and look for answers to them, make comparisons, conclusions, generalizations. He is both a subject and an object of self-knowledge.
As a creative subject, a person feels the need for a habitat arrangement in accordance with his own needs and tastes.
He finds ways to make it the object of his activity: scientific (studies), practical (landscapes), creative (decorates). It forms its own circle of communication, where its concepts about the subject and object of relations are realized.
The cognitive and creative potential of the individual is enormous. It is limited only by the lack of physical and mental health, specific life goals, poor education.
Subjectivity as a quality of personality
Often you can meet a person who is extremely dissatisfied with some aspects of his life, but does not make an effort to change this for the better. Outwardly, he may look quite prosperous. Internal discomfort can be a sign of psychological ill health.
The subject in psychology is a man-strategist: active, able to responsibly lead his own life, ready for its transformations.
That is, he possesses such a quality as subjectivity, signs of which are the ability to set and adjust his goals and actions, to give them his own assessment, creativity.This is a person who is sympathetic to other people.
The subject in law is the representative of the law (judge, bailiff, investigator, police officer). The object here is the person who had to deal with them: the plaintiff, defendant, suspect.
The education of subjectivity is an important psychological and pedagogical task, the purpose of which is to cultivate a socialized personality.
Do not mix roles
A correct understanding of what an object and subject is important not only in theoretical terms, but also in practical terms. This determines the role that the person is currently playing in a particular case.
The subject is a leader who knows the goals and strategies for solving the problem, he is responsible for the outcome of the event.
The object is a thinking, proactive, skillful performer, the success of the whole thing where there are no trifles depends on his work. He is characterized by a willingness to accept part of the responsibility for the progress and quality of work if there are shortcomings in the management or its organization.
However, the unreasonable confusion or ignoring of these roles due to irresponsibility, passivity, overstated ambitions and other human "weaknesses" leads to poor performance of duties, to troubles and dramas.