Absolutely any person is part of the environment in which he lives. This implies a reluctance to stand out from society. Now we can conclude that the subjective evaluative opinion of each of us is the result of the influence of public judgments.
Why do you need an assessment?
The main objective of the assessment is self-control and self-government, coupled with the identification of oneself with society. We start talking about value judgments when it comes to concepts such as defending honor and dignity. But most often this concept is used precisely in the scientific field in order to define one or another facts and theories.
Definitions
A value judgment is a subjective assessment by a person of an environmental phenomenon. Simply put, this is the opinion that is expressed most often with the help of value concepts. We are used to using them in everyday life, for example, is it good or bad. Thus, we explain our personal position regarding a specific subject, person or phenomenon.
What are the judgments?
Value judgments are usually divided according to their orientation. We can talk about three types:
- Actual or objective judgments capture those events that actually happened in life. Simply put, an event that was captured by people or special devices, but also stored in any form or has evidence. Actual theoretical value judgment can be the result of both one's own and others ’experiences. This also includes events that occur not only in real life, but can also be the subjects of books, movies, advertising and so on. For example, Harry Potter is a wizard who studied at Hogwarts. This is definitely a fact, but a fact that happened in a fantasy world.
- A value judgment is a subjective opinion that may even not belong to a specific person, but to a whole society. This type of judgment reflects the individual perception of the fact.
- Theoretical judgments are information that is based on the experience of more than one generation. In order to have an actual evaluative theoretical character of judgments, it is absolutely not necessary to be a scientist or to understand science. Scientific experience can get even the most ordinary person.
Scientific experience
To understand this issue, you need to determine what scientific experience is and where to get it. Everything is simple here, usually these are any events, concepts, theories, schemes that are set forth by competent people in an orderly and concrete way. The amount of knowledge in the world is crazy, but only those that have been approved by the scientific community and have been published in special publications are recognized as scientific. Theoretical judgments should not be confused with the most common facts. After all, a phenomenon is a concrete event, and theory is a scheme of actions. Each person gives certain phenomena and objects an independent assessment, and it is considered such, even if this judgment is imposed on him by the surrounding world.
Types of Valuation Opinion
Psychology characterizes value judgments as follows. They are: right / wrong, adequate / inadequate, optimal / non-optimal. A person characterizes each of his actual judgments and value judgments in accordance with these three positions. Even though a person may be wrong, he always considers his opinion correct, adequate and optimal. Each of these characteristics has its own properties. For example, a person can form an opinion about the correctness of the other person’s judgment if he compares it with the laws of development of events.As for the adequacy, we compare the judgment with reality, already existing facts. The optimality of opinion is determined by the benefit of the opinion of the one who expresses this opinion. For example, if a person decided to lie, such an opinion can be called optimal if, thanks to his lies, a person reaches his goal. Examples of evaluative judgments of inadequate and not optimal may be: something unpleasant happened to a person, but he looked at the situation with optimism and found positive points. In the future, such a judgment helped him achieve new goals and change his life for the better. By assessing the surrounding reality, a person can control and control himself, thereby forming his own reality. If we talk about the most important mission of value judgment, then this is not a struggle for truth, but an excuse for one’s thoughts, words, and actions.
What are the sayings?
Judgment is a sentence that is expressed through narration. Usually we deal with the following types of opinions:
- Evaluation - usually involves an open or indirect expressed opinion of a particular person about what is happening from a position of whether it is good or bad. If the presence of a value judgment is indirect, then it can be identified only if you ask additional questions to the speaker.
- Justifying - a judgment that is supported by arguments and facts.
- Analytical - a judgment that notes the specific need for the existence of a particular phenomenon or object, its analysis and the degree of connection with other objects.
- Existential is the most common opinion in its purest form. Used to indicate the existence of a certain fact without a specific explanation.
- Definition - a judgment, the essence of which is to reveal the essence of a particular phenomenon or object.
If an opinion incorporates several features from the above, it means that it is constructive.
Educational process
Equally important is the value judgment in the educational process. In fact, the teacher’s activities are aimed at evaluating. Assessments are a kind of indicators of the achievement of certain results by students, which affect students as an incentive to action. And if everything is clear with psychology, then pedagogy has its own classification of value judgments.
- Destructive - the teacher’s opinion about the student, which negatively affects the latter’s self-esteem. Typically, such judgments are filled with expressive vocabulary and do not push the student to achieve better results, even, on the contrary, contribute to the fact that he begins to act in spite.
- A restrictive judgment is based on comparing certain results with some established truth. If the student deviates from this truth, he receives a comment. Thus, his activity is limited to a certain framework established by the teacher.
- A supporting value judgment is most effective. For example, teachers can praise even the most negligent student for the purpose of having at least one peek at the textbook.
- Developing value judgment is preferred in education. If the previous option defines the student in a certain comfort zone where he is always ready for praise, then in this case the teacher’s comments direct the student on the path to further growth and forward movement.
As we see, in the educational process, value judgments play one of the main roles.
Examples
A scientific interpretation of the facts does not take place without evaluation and expression. After analyzing and studying any kind of information, every scientist should express his opinion, which he developed in the process of research. That is why any material has true social facts that are mixed with the subjective opinion of the author.It is possible to identify a value judgment in scientific publications through the use of the following constructions in the text: in all likelihood, it seems, most likely, there is reason to assume, I think, my point of view, and so on. Often, such judgments can become the basis for explaining the effect of events on other objects or phenomena. You can determine them by the presence of the following phrases in the text: this situation can be an example, this fact explains the following, based on the above, it can be concluded and so on.