It is known that in the Russian Federation the system of civil defense (GO) is actively and successfully functioning. Let us further consider the features of the activity of this structure, as well as a list of those units that are included in it.
General concept
What are civil defense forces? The official literature indicates that such are all those military units that are created to solve specialized tasks that arise in the field of protection of citizens. Its system can include both separate units and entire structures.
Subdivisions included in the state formation under consideration are obliged to perform all those functions that are assigned to them by the norms of Russian legislation. Their involvement in the activities is carried out in a strict manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Civil defense and emergency situations are concepts that are closely related to each other. It is important to note that the action of structures classified by law among those who are responsible for providing civil defense, in all cases is aimed at eliminating the consequences of emergencies, as well as at preventing them.
Regulatory Activities
As mentioned above, the bodies included in the civil defense structure of the Russian Federation carry out a certain list of tasks assigned to them by specialized acts of a normative nature operating in the territory of the Russian Federation. The list of those includes:
- Federal Law "On Defense";
- RF Law "On Security";
- Federal Law "On Civil Defense";
- Constitution of the Russian Federation.
In addition to all of the above, the activities of the civil defense forces are governed by the provisions contained in specialized resolutions issued by the Government of the Russian Federation ("On the procedure for classifying civil defense structures", "On the procedure for classifying certain territories as civil defense groups", "On creating specially authorized personnel with civil defense structures" etc.). In determining the features of regulation of the work of these entities, it is often necessary to refer to the content of specialized regulatory acts in force at the international level.
What protect?
What is the subject of civil defense? It is important to note that this group should include everything that is protected by what is provided for by regulatory acts. In fact, a number of these include specialized buildings and structures, as well as:
- shelters that can hide from radiation;
- warehouses designed to store equipment and provisions necessary to ensure the normal operation of the Ministry of Emergencies;
- objects necessary to create proper support for the activities of the structures of the Ministry of Emergencies;
- disinfection stations for individual objects and clothes.
In addition to the listed objects, other structures necessary for the quality execution by the structures of the duties assigned to them can be included in the specified list.
Functions of GO bodies
It must be understood that before all organizations included in the structure of the civil defense forces, the legislator poses uniform tasks that are mandatory for implementation. These include:
- urgent work;
- emergency rescue operations;
- sanitization of the population, as well as property, equipment, buildings and entire territories;
- conducting reconnaissance operations in the centers of disaster defeat, a number of which may include zones of infection, flooding, fires, etc.P.;
- laying routes in hazardous areas;
- direct participation in the evacuation of the population of certain regions;
- carrying out work related to the restoration of facilities ensuring the normal functioning of the population (airfields, roads, infrastructure elements, crossings, etc.).
It is worth noting that for the implementation of specific tasks of civil defense in places of concentration of rescue centers additional points of technical support may be created.
What is used in the work?
It is worth noting that for the implementation of the tasks by specialized services, special means of civil defense must be used. These include all those objects and forces that are used to eliminate the occurrence and negative consequences of emergency situations.
What applies to a number of GO tools? First of all, these are all those structures, as well as protective equipment, special equipment, material resources and equipment - all that is required for the implementation of normal activities. It is important to note that, depending on the purpose of the provision, the allocated funds are classified into medical, intelligence, engineering and those that are required to protect the population.
On the location of GO forces
It is worth noting that the organization in question includes several types of structural units, each of which is entrusted with the need to perform a certain range of narrow-profile tasks.
Separate compounds, in accordance with the requirements provided by law, should be located in the maximum accessibility from settlements. In addition, most of the mechanized brigades according to the established rules should be located in earthquake-prone regions. As for the pontoon transfer crews, they are, for the most part, located in the area of those places that are particularly prone to flooding.
GO organization
It is important to note that the civil defense structure of the population includes several types of formations. You need to know that the list of civil defense forces is presented in Art. 15 of the Federal Law "On Civil Defense" (FZ-28). Its content indicates that they include:
- emergency rescue groups and specialized formations;
- emergency rescue teams;
- The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as structural units included in their composition;
- contingencies, which are entrusted with the task of ensuring measures for civil defense.
With a detailed study of these groups, one can notice that in fact they are based on the Ministry of Emergencies, which in everyday life are regularly attracted to eliminate not only emergency situations, but also their consequences, both in wartime and in peacetime. The structure of the Ministry of Emergencies includes such formations as:
- Centrospas;
- services leading rescue and search operations;
- special risk rescue teams;
- aviation units;
- fire service.
Let us further consider the features, as well as the main tasks of these structures.
Centrospas
This is the main unit of the Ministry of Emergencies, which is entrusted with the execution of tasks requiring a quick response. This name has a unique airmobile rescue squad, which is created and operates at the state level.
The main purpose of the unit in question is to perform not only search, but also rescue operations, including providing assistance to victims of disasters and their evacuation from the scene. In addition, the organization’s main tasks include ensuring the delivery of strategically important goods through places of localization of emergency situations, as well as their escort.
"Centrospas" is a structure of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, which has a high level of technical and transport support, as well as modern equipment necessary for the performance of especially important tasks.
It is worth noting that the organization conducts round-the-clock duty regardless of any factors. According to the established rules, the period during which Centrospas must respond to the signal is no more than 30 minutes (for the most inaccessible and remote places).
Search and Rescue Service
The structure of the Ministry of Emergencies also includes a separate formation, the main task of which is to search for persons injured during any emergency, as well as their rescue. The structure of this department includes various detachments, the total number of which is more than 2,000 people (in addition, they also include public rescue workers).
It is important to note that for the high-quality implementation of the tasks, the search and rescue services are equipped with modern equipment, as well as technical devices. In the arsenal of this group there is always a pneumatic jack, a hydraulic cutter, as well as several types of acoustic devices that help to conduct an effective search for people under the rubble and in snow avalanches.
After receiving an alarm, specialists of civilian emergency response and rescue units must move to the scene within 15-120 minutes (depending on the range of the facility), and then immediately proceed with all the necessary tasks.
Special Risk Operations Center
An important place in the system of the Ministry of Emergencies is occupied by a specialized center. It is designed to carry out operations characterized by an increased degree of risk.
It is important to note that rescuers included in such a structure have special physical and specialized training, which is associated with the need to perform work that is dangerous to their own lives. A number of tasks of rescuers included in the structure of the Center for operations involving a high degree of risk include:
- ensuring the safety of large-scale employees of the Ministry of Emergencies;
- ensuring the safety of goods during their transportation;
- rescue work underwater (with the obligatory use of diving equipment);
- conducting actions to protect material and cultural state values, as well as people;
- pyrotechnic and demolition work;
- conducting rescue operations in particularly inaccessible terrain.
It should be noted that the structure of the Center in question is made up of various separate units of narrow specialization, which include:
- medical rescue;
- divisions of radiation, biological and chemical intelligence;
- rescue;
- emergency rescue diving groups;
- evacuation and rescue structures;
- structures ensuring the safety of goods.
Ministry of Emergency Situations
It is important to understand that one of the most important types of rescue military units is aviation. It should be noted that sometimes it is thanks to the coordinated work of this unit of the Ministry of Emergencies that provides quick access to the most distant and difficult areas.
To date, the transport component of this unit of the Ministry of Emergencies includes IL-76TD and An-74p aircraft. These funds have excellent technical equipment that allows you to communicate with both land and air.
As for the tasks performed by the Ministry of Emergency Situations aviation, some of these include:
- conducting rescue and search operations;
- transporting people and goods by air;
- conducting specialized aviation work;
- proper communication and management.
Elimination of fires
It is important to pay attention to the fact that the units of the state fire service include the following specialized groups:
- Units created for the purpose of fire prevention.
- Fire control authorities.
- Units created to extinguish fires.
- Fire fighting units.
Among the main tasks of the civil defense forces under consideration are not only the extinguishing of emerging fires at various types of facilities, but also the prevention of fires.
Protection of local territories
It is important to note that, in addition to the above structures, emergency civilian defense units can also take part in the activities of the Ministry of Emergencies. The acquisition of such formations is carried out exclusively from personnel equipped with equipment and special protective equipment necessary for the performance of certain functions.
It is important to note that the structures in question may have a certain specialization of activity (chemical reconnaissance, bacteriological surveillance, rescue, emergency-technical, fire-fighting, engineering reconnaissance, etc.).
The tasks of civil defense for these contingencies are exactly the same as for other structures that are part of the Ministry of Emergencies. The only difference is that they are created in certain territories to implement the protection of the local population and the environment strictly from the problems that are characteristic of them. Such formations are subordinate to local self-government bodies, to the jurisdiction of which the relevant territory belongs.