At the moment, there are several types of medical care. There are ambulances, which are also specialized. Primary health care. It is divided into pre-medical, medical and specialized. And also we are talking about specialized, which is medical and high-tech.
What is first aid?
First aid is an event that takes place at the scene. The further life and condition of the victim completely depends on her.
As a rule, a first-aid kit is used to provide assistance, which must be mandatory for motorists, in any educational institutions, at enterprises, and so on. If it is not, then you should use improvised materials.
An individual first-aid kit should have plaits, bandages, tires, cotton wool. In addition, certain medications and drugs should be used. We are talking about alcohol, validol, antiseptics, petroleum jelly and so on.
Types of first aid
Consider first aid options. They differ due to the qualifications of medical personnel, as well as depending on the venue of emergency events.
Distinguish between help that comes first. She should be shown at the crime scene before the ambulance arrives.
If we are talking about first aid, then it is carried out in the car of the arrived specialists. And this is done directly by a medical professional. It can also be provided at the scene of the incident or at a special obstetric center.
In addition, first aid can be carried out in a hospital in a hospital. She is called qualified.
Also, if we are talking about specialized medical care, then here we are talking about a set of activities that are carried out in special institutions.
Ways of rendering
It is also necessary to say about the types of first aid. There are several resuscitation measures.
The first is artificial respiration. If a person suddenly stopped breathing, then he needs to hold this particular event. How to do it? It is necessary to clean the oral cavity and nose of mucus, any objects, if any, blood. Next, put a gauze bandage or some tissue on the victim’s mouth. So a person who provides first aid will be able to protect himself from infection. Next, the victim’s head should be thrown back. After that, you need to pinch the patient’s nose with your fingers, take a quick breath into your mouth. If artificial respiration is performed correctly, the chest will rise slightly.
Next, it should be said about conducting indirect heart massage. This is done if a person does not have a pulse. Put the victim on a firm, level surface. The base of the palm should be placed above the narrow part of the sternum, covering with the other hand. Fingers need to be lifted and quick pressure applied to the chest. As a rule, heart massage is combined with the above method - artificial respiration. About two exhalations of the mouth to mouth should be alternated with 15-20 pressures.
Another form and type of medical care is the application of a tourniquet. This measure should be done if a person has bleeding that is accompanied by the rupture of blood vessels. The tourniquet should be applied above the wound, a soft bandage should be placed under it. If there is no time sheet, then you can use a scarf or tie.However, it is imperative to record the time when the tourniquet was applied, as well as attach this paper to the clothes of the victim so that the arriving physicians are not confused and know what to do next.
These were described the main forms of assistance that are aimed at resuscitating a person if he does not have vital functions. If we are talking about other problems, then there are many more ways. It should be understood that first aid can only be provided if a person knows what he is doing and knows how.
Specialized assistance
We consider the following type of medical care.
The specialized type is an important component of preventive care for any person. How well it will be carried out depends on its form, working methods, and also the qualifications of the physicians themselves.
Specialized assistance is provided in hospitals, inpatient departments, special centers that operate on the basis of clinics, as well as in territorial institutions, that is, women's clinics, outpatient clinics and so on.
The main role in providing this type of assistance belongs to dispensaries. This institution is an independent specialized institution that provides assistance to certain types of patients. To date, there are several dispensaries. These are cardiological, anti-tuberculosis, narcological and many others. It is designed to serve the population of not only a certain region, but also the region and the region. The dispensary, as a rule, is divided into two parts. This is a clinic and a hospital. It does not only provide specialized medical care. But a study is also being conducted, the incidence is being studied, the spread of any diseases, it actively helps residents of the area by registering them and conducting special treatment.
Ambulance
Speaking about what types of free medical care exist on the territory of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to say about the ambulance. This is a view that appears to all residents if they require urgent medical intervention. In this case, we are talking about diseases, any accidents, injuries, poisoning and so on.
At the moment, ambulance stations provide emergency medical care in the Russian Federation. In addition, hospitals in cities and villages have this right.
Medical aid stations are created in large settlements and areas where the population is more than 50 thousand people. These institutions are independent institutions, sometimes they can be part of city-wide hospitals. In the latter case, they are considered structural units.
If there are fewer inhabitants in the village, then emergency departments are created at city or central hospitals. If we are talking about remote areas, then establish emergency and advisory services. Moreover, they work on the basis of the regional hospital.
A station of the first category is one that receives more than 70 thousand calls per year. Accordingly, the second is from 50 thousand to 75 thousand, the third is from 20 thousand to 50 thousand and the fourth is from 10 thousand to 25 thousand.
If we talk about the first and second categories, then they are independent. Reporting to the city health authority. Stations of the third and fourth categories work at large hospitals and are considered treatment and prevention institutions.
Medical Assistance Forms
The above was a list of types of medical care. Next, consider the forms that exist at the moment. As a rule, medical assistance is provided in several ways.
There is air ambulance. There is also inpatient care, traditional, outpatient, medical, palliative, rehabilitation, hospital replacement and rehabilitation. Let us briefly consider each of these forms.
PHC
Above, this form and type of medical care has already been considered.It is about first aid. In short, this is a pre-medical or qualification measure. They need to be done without any round-the-clock surveillance. As a rule, it consists of affordable services that can be provided at the level of an ordinary person or society.
The list of complexes should include sanitary work, anti-epidemic measures, disease prevention, treatment and diagnosis of common diseases, poisoning and so on.
Primary care can be provided by general practitioners, pediatricians, obstetricians, general practitioners, paramedics, and so on. The way organizations that provide first aid work is completely built on a territorial principle. This allows people to have affordable medicine at their place of residence. In some situations, the freedom to choose an organization is granted.
Consultative and diagnostic assistance
Here we are talking about the form and type of medical care of a specialized type. The patient is given medical complexes that can prevent the development of the disease and eliminate it. However, the form differs from the more serious treatment in that the person is without round-the-clock observation.
Inpatient care
This type of assistance is a qualified action, for the implementation of which special equipment is used. Inpatient treatment differs from other types of medical care in that it is provided around the clock. That is, a person is in the hospital. At the same time, care and nutrition are provided at the state level.
Inpatient care
Next, it is necessary to say about the following type of help. This is the form in which pre-medical or qualified and specialized treatment complexes are carried out. It differs from the stationary type of medical care in that a person is monitored for one day from four to eight hours.
Emergency
The subtleties of providing such assistance have already been described above. However, to summarize. This form is used if a person needs emergency intervention in order to eliminate a threat to life or to prevent significant harm to health. This type of medical care is completely free and it is forbidden to provide it for money.
Air ambulance
This form is also considered emergency assistance, but it differs in that it is provided by doctors who have specially arrived at their destination. It happens that a medical institution sends a car, which should transport the victim. The fact is that sometimes in hospitals in the community there is no special equipment or personnel, and therefore doctors are called to the scene.
Rehabilitation and recovery
What types of medical care are left to consider? Rehabilitation is one of them. This type appears to those people who have congenital or acquired diseases. Also, such assistance should be applied to those who received the consequences of acute or chronic diseases. At the same time, it is carried out either in rehabilitation departments or in sanitary-resort institutions.
Palliative care
This is a type of specialized medical care that is provided to people with terminal illnesses in terminal stages. At the same time, they make such assistance both in the hospital and at home. Sometimes it happens that you need nursing care. As a rule, it is used in cases where medical supervision is not required.