Engineering communications are all networks that are laid around the house. They include: electrical wiring, water supply, heating systems, sewage, gas pipeline, etc. With their help, a comfortable condition for people to live is provided. Particular attention must be paid to utilities at the design stage of the house. The quality of all work depends on the convenience of living. In general, engineering networks are divided into external and internal. Moreover, external (they are also called external) are larger than internal ones. This article will examine in detail all the networks to which the apartment building is connected.
Water supply at home
With the help of a water supply system, water is supplied to premises for domestic and fire fighting needs. Also at home is drinking water. Such engineering communications in the house are of great importance. Convenience when using household appliances - washing machines, dishwashers, etc., depends on the quality of laying the water supply around the house. In most cases, drinking water needs to be cleaned thoroughly, so installation of special filters should be provided for during the design stage of the water supply inside the building.
The design of the water supply system is made taking into account all the site loads and needs. It is important to take into account other features of the area in which the house is located: is it possible to connect to the central water supply or do I need to make a well and mount an autonomous system? But the manufacture of an autonomous system is an expensive pleasure and translating it into reality is quite problematic. But after that, you don’t have to pay cosmic amounts for the water of a company that cannot provide quality water. It is no secret that in most cities there is water of dubious quality in taps.
Sewage systems
When considering engineering networks and communications, it is impossible to bypass the sewer system. With the help of these networks, reception, removal, removal, disinfection and treatment of all wastewater takes place. In cities, stormwater also flows into central sewers. These are large networks consisting of a large number of structures.
When designing engineering networks of this type, it is important to pay attention to all the requirements of environmental friendliness, safety, convenience and ease of operation. When designing engineering networks (this is done before the construction of buildings on the site), a number of actions are performed:
- The location of the wastewater treatment system is selected.
- The calculation of the number of people who will live in the area of the location of engineering communications.
- The total number of bathrooms that will be connected to the sewer is also considered.
- All sinks and appliances that need water drainage are counted.
- Be sure to design the sewerage to study the terrain and carry out hydrological surveys.
These are only the main points that need to be considered when designing sewers. More detailed requirements are set forth in GOSTs, SNiPs, and other technical documents.
Power supply
During the construction of utilities, all important parameters are calculated. In particular, the wires through which electric current flows must be located as far as possible from gas supply systems or water supply (especially hot). Perhaps, power supply is engineering communications, which are supplied primarily to the house. And this is true, since it is impossible to carry out construction work without electricity.
Much depends on electricity - it is with its help that air conditioning, lighting, and heating systems work. If there is no hot water, then electric boilers can be installed. Now it’s clear that the electrical network is an important communication in any home. This is especially noticeable in private homes, in which all heating appliances are electric and the water supply system is autonomous.
Before you begin wiring, you need to make calculations and carefully think through the electrical circuit. It necessarily indicates all consumers of electricity, residual current circuit breakers and circuit breakers.
Gas pipeline
If there is no central heating system, then this engineering communication plays an important role. It connects not only a stove for cooking, but a heating boiler, fireplaces, etc. With the help of a gas supply system, you can get an almost complete cycle for the life support of a house in the private sector. It is with the help of domestic gas that heating of running water for use occurs.
In the absence of power supply in the house, you can connect to the generator gas pipeline. Methane (gas used in everyday life) is a universal type of fuel, relatively cheap. Therefore, it can be used for any purpose.
Heating system
During the construction of utilities in apartment buildings, special attention is paid to the heating system. When designing, you need to pay attention to such points:
- Given the average temperature in the winter, you need to make a thermal calculation.
- The power of the equipment that is in the heating system.
- Heat losses of buildings and engineering structures.
- Type of fuel.
The heat loss indicator of buildings depends on the ceiling height, wall thickness, type of building materials, layout, area, and insulation.
Ventilation and air conditioning systems
It is worth noting that utilities are not only water supply and electricity. Please note that in each house at the construction stage ventilation shafts are laid. With their help, polluted air is removed from the premises. The chance that mold or fungus begins to appear is reduced. There are several types of ventilation:
- Supply.
- Forced.
- Mixed.
Sometimes refrigeration equipment or heating elements are introduced into the ventilation system. This allows you to achieve the maximum degree of comfort of people living in the house.