Only from 2000 to 2018. in Russia there were more than 150 thousand fires, the victims of which were more than twenty-three thousand people, of which more than ten thousand died. Such statistics indicate that the problems of insufficient control in the field of fire safety are systemic in nature. Everyone should know how to act in case of fire in different situations in order to secure first of all his life and the lives of his family and friends.
What to do in case of fire in a house or apartment
How to act in case of fire in your own home or other residential area? You can try to stop a small fire on your own. The flame can be extinguished using a fire extinguisher, water or a thick blanket. Do not put out household appliances with water if they are plugged in. It is necessary to throw a dense fabric on them. If possible, immediately block the air supply, because oxygen promotes combustion.
Self-extinguishing fire
In the event that the fire cannot be extinguished independently, it is necessary to call firefighters and quickly evacuate from the room. You need to take with you documents and things that are valuable if these actions do not pose a threat to life. How to act in case of fire? If possible, close all openings (windows and doors), turn off the electricity and shut off the gas. If a fire occurs in the room, you need to close it tightly, and seal the slots with a damp cloth. In a room covered in smoke, it is recommended that you move crouched or crawling, putting a wet rag to your mouth and nose.
The procedure for evacuation from the premises
When evacuating, you need to move in the opposite direction from the fire. If you have to escape through a smoky passage, you should breathe through clothing or a handkerchief, if possible it is better to use a wet cloth. When moving, you need to try to hold onto the handrails, walls, railings and so on. If a shaft of fire is approaching, you need to quickly fall to the ground and cover your head with your hands or clothes. Try not to breathe.
You can not go where visibility is less than ten meters. In such a room, a few breaths are enough to die. If it is impossible to get out, then you should return to the room, close the door tightly, close the slots and ventilation openings with wet rags, if possible, and wait for the firefighters to arrive. Going to the balcony or loggia, you also need to close the doors tightly behind you. If there is no balcony, you can stand on the ledge.
If you can’t leave the room
If it is not possible to escape from the premises, then rescuers should be expected to arrive on the balcony or next to the windows. You can try to get out through the fire escape. In this case, you must try to actively attract the attention of passers-by. In case of fire on the upper floors, you should not try to go down the rope or sheets connected to each other. It is safer to expect the arrival of lifeguards on the balcony.
In the event of a fire in the room, it is impossible to extinguish a significant fire on their own before the firefighters arrive, to extinguish household appliances connected to power, to go down a smoky staircase, use an elevator, jump out of the upper floors, go down ropes or downspouts, open windows and doors.
Actions in case of fire in kindergarten or school
How to deal with a fire at school? If there is a fire in the building, the attendant gives three intermittent rings. Evacuation required.At the same time, you should remain calm and obey your teacher, who will quickly count the students, appoint a follower, take a class journal, take him out of the room, and count again on the street. If there is a lot of smoke around, the nose and mouth should be covered with a piece of clothing, a gauze bandage or a handkerchief.
How to act in case of fire? You should leave the room in a certain order and without panic. The whole group needs to go to the exit or to a safe place. If there is more smoke, it is necessary to move crawling or crouching. On the street, the teacher will again count the children and inform the administration so that the rescuers know for sure whether people remained in the burning room.
What to do in case of fire? If a fire is detected, but there is no adult nearby, you need to call the fire department, and then call for help from adults. No need to hide because firefighters will not be able to find victims in a building covered in fire. If possible, immediately leave the room through the front door, and if the main path is blocked, then you need to go to the balcony or windows.
If possible, first close the door and seal the slots with any rags (preferably wet). When you exit to the balcony you need to close the door tightly behind you. If the room has only a window, you need to open it and call for help. When the call for help is heard, you need to lie on the floor, where there is less smoke, cover your nose and mouth with a rag and wait for the firemen.
Instructions for teachers and educators
In classrooms, fire spreads at a speed of 1.5 m per minute, in corridors - 4-5 meters per minute. When furniture or paper ignites, carbon monoxide is released which, when inhaled for five to ten minutes, becomes fatal. Therefore, in case of fire, one must act quickly and decisively. How to act in case of fire? The teacher should not go into panic. Children need to be evacuated first of all from those rooms where it is life-threatening, from the upper floors. The first to take out the younger students.
First you need to check the possibility of evacuation. If there is no strong smoke in the corridors, then you need to build students. Leave the briefcases and outerwear on the ground, take a cool magazine. Pupils must be taken out of school along the shortest and safest path. The teacher must go ahead, and at the end of the chain you need to put physically developed boys so that, if necessary, they can help the injured and the weak. After going to a safe place, you should count the children and roll over the list. A teacher cannot be absent from students who are removed from class during evacuation.
If evacuation for some reason is not possible, you need to close the door, seal the slots with a cloth, put the children on the floor and slightly open the window for ventilation. Metal bars on the windows must be opened. As soon as it is heard that firefighters arrived, you need to give a signal so that the rescuers begin to evacuate the children through the windows. In this case, the teacher leaves the classroom last.
Actions in case of fire and explosion at the enterprise
How to act during a fire in the enterprise? At industrial facilities, fires and explosions occur, the causes of which are malfunctions in the power grid, violation of fire safety rules, the use of faulty equipment, and so on. If a fire is detected, use all available extinguishing methods. Immediately you need to call the fire department of the enterprise or city.
The Warning to All! Signal is intermittent beeps. Upon hearing the signal, you must immediately turn on the radio or television, walkie-talkie or other internal communication channel, listen to the information message and follow the instructions. Burning rooms and smoky places during evacuation need to go quickly, holding your breath, covering the respiratory organs with clothing or cloth. In a smoky room, you should move crouching or crawling.
Explosion threat and assistance to victims
If there is a danger of explosion, do not approach explosive objects. It is necessary to lie on your stomach, protect your head with your hands. You need to lie down far from windows, glazed doors and walkways. If an explosion occurs, measures must be taken to prevent fire and panic, as well as provide first-aid medical assistance to victims. Looking for the victims, you need to hail them. A blanket should be thrown over a burning person: if air access is limited, combustion will quickly stop. A person with burning clothes should not be allowed to escape.
Accident and fire on the railway
How to deal with a fire on the railway? A fire must be reported immediately to the conductor. Then, except for provoking a panic, information should be conveyed to passengers. Children need to be held by the hand, and the sleeping passengers should be woken up. It’s safer to direct trains to the head. If this is not possible, then you need to go into the tail, tightly closing all the doors behind you. We must not forget about people in the compartment, vestibules, toilets.
If possible, localize the fire. When eliminating a fire, all improvised means or fire extinguishers can be used. Be sure to close the windows to limit air intake. Baggage should not be saved if it poses a threat to life and health. You need to take only documents and valuables. If the path to the exit is blocked by fire, then you need to close it in the compartment or in the toilet, close the window tightly and attract attention. The roof should not be climbed unless absolutely necessary.
Actions in case of fire in a subway car
The rules of action in case of fire in a subway car slightly differ from the instructions for evacuation from public transport. When the train moves in the tunnel, you need to stay in their places, and upon arrival at the nearest station, leave the car in an organized manner. Children and elderly people should be allowed to go forward; victims should be helped to get out of the car. The incident must be immediately reported to the duty officer.
In no case should you stop the car with a stop crane. This will only aggravate the situation and complicate the work of rescuers. If the train still stops in the tunnel, you must not leave the car before the team, it is forbidden to touch metal surfaces until the power is turned off on the track. When you leave the car, you need to move along the tunnel forward to the station along a track between the rails. If the train began to move, you need to snuggle up against the walls of the tunnel.