Any modern employed person should know how and where to open a sick-list. Everyone has a risk of getting sick, and the only way to have a legal rest at home is to have permission from a doctor. This will not only avoid absenteeism, but also provide an opportunity to receive financial compensation from the employer. True, one can count on this only when everything is correctly documented.
general information
About whether it is possible to open the sick leave in the current state, the patient will be told at the reception in the clinic, the hospital, whose staff is responsible for the preparation of such a document. The current laws have declared on the basis of which sick workers (and students) are provided with such an official certificate, and what preferences it gives. Health insurance within our country obliges you to receive a sick leave for subsequent material payments for the period when a person temporarily lost his ability to work due to illness.
The feature described above became the reason for the appearance of the second name, the more official one - the certificate of incapacity for work. It is this wording that will be written on the certificate, which will be issued in the registry of the medical institution, if the sick leave is open in the clinic, hospital. Existing laws regulate the features of the issuance of this document, and the most important is the order issued by the Ministry of Health in 2001. The document is published under the 514th number and contains detailed recommendations regarding the design of disability sheets.
Rules and features
The above-mentioned order declares all the basic requirements and features of registration of certificates of incapacity for work. It indicates how much sick leave is opened, the grounds for issuing such a document and general provisions: to whom it can be written out, how to draw it up correctly. It is generally accepted that the design of a sick leave is the responsibility of the patient, who must personally see a doctor at the clinic. In reality, the order established much broader possibilities. For example, if a child falls ill, the parent has the right to receive a sheet declaring temporary disability. Father, mother have such rights.
An individual who does not have official employment at all has the opportunity to open and close a sick leave. A sick person can count on this if the dismissal was within 30 days before the appearance of health problems. The one who is a citizen of another power, or does not have citizenship at all, has the right to draw up a document. True, a prerequisite for obtaining a certificate will be the availability of a medical insurance policy.
Where to go for help
Is it possible to open a sick leave by coming to a non-medical institution? Of course, this is not permitted by laws. Responsibility for the execution of documentation is assigned exclusively to hospitals and clinics. It is customary to think that only the employees of the polyclinic to which the citizen is attached can design a document. In reality, the restrictions are much less. A citizen has the right to go to any clinic that provides medical services on a paid basis. In such a situation, an insurance contract is not needed, but the policy, however, will have to carry a certain amount with you in order to pay off the institution. First you need to clarify whether the company has a license, a certificate that provides the right to apply for sick leave.
Feeling unwell, understanding that there is not enough strength to get to the hospital by registration, it is worth taking the opportunity to go to the nearest medical facility. This applies to the situation when there is no reason to call an ambulance. If the condition is very poor, you definitely need to use the services of this particular service. If it was decided to go to a suitable hospital near the house, they usually manage to get a correctly issued certificate there. Having figured out whether it is possible to open a sick leave in the current state, the document will need to be saved. For the enterprise where the person is arranged, there is no difference which particular clinic issued the official paper.
Do it right
Knowing how to open a sick leave in the clinic to which a person is attached, the same scheme can be used in any other medical institutions that agree to serve the patient. Inquiries obtained in this way are equally valid. It does not matter what addresses are indicated in the health insurance contract. In addition, recently insurance policies are issued under the new rules, so they are valid throughout Russia. You can make an appointment with the state budget clinic in another locality, even in another federal district, significantly removed from the place of conclusion of the insurance contract.
There are different schemes for how to open a sick leave. Each of them is applicable in its own unique conditions. The simplest option is an appointment with a medical institution responsible for patient care in accordance with a social insurance contract. In such a situation, a certificate will be issued on the day of the doctor’s visit, and the duration will be determined by the specifics of the revealed pathology, the chosen therapeutic course and the general condition and well-being of the patient.
Alternative way
They will tell you how to open hospital OSPM doctors if the patient's condition worsens enough to seek emergency help. You can also invite to the house a district doctor of a medical institution, to which a citizen is attached by registration. Upon arrival, the doctor will issue a sick leave and choose the initial treatment course, set a date for visiting the clinic in the general manner.
Another option, how to open a sick leave, involves using the capabilities of a local health center. This applies to a situation where a malaise suddenly occurs right at the workplace. In this case, the specialist does not have the right to draw up a temporary disability sheet, but he will write out the direction with which you can go to the clinic. A specialized medical office can be visited either on the day of receiving the referral, or on the next day, and the sick leave will be valid from the moment the initial referral is received at the workplace.
Everything is official
A few years ago, most of the population of our country did not know how to open a sick-list, but there were stereotypes that obtaining such a certificate was too complicated and time-consuming process. Trying to get around him and not wanting to lose wages, sick people illegally issued fake sheets of temporary disability. It was enough to know who and how much to pay. Such a purchase was allowed, as can be seen from judicial practice, not only people who really needed help, but also those who had good connections - it was a great opportunity to take an extra day off without losing money.
Currently, the system has undergone quite significant changes. Understanding how to open a sick-list, it should be understood that only a doctor will give such a certificate, moreover, having all the necessary certificates and licenses for his activities. For issuing an illegal certificate, specialists can be fined or prosecuted in a different form.
Are there any other options
Having carefully studied all the available information, you will surely be able to find many organizations willing to sell to anyone who wants any certificate - from registration, registration to a temporary disability sheet. It seems that this is the easiest way to open a sick leave retroactively, to get an additional paid day off, even without having the right to do so. There is a feeling that everything is nowhere simpler: it is enough to transfer a small amount, and soon officially registered paper will come by mail, which can be provided to the accounting department of the enterprise.
Do not rely too much on such unofficial schemes. Fake documentation is made on the wrong forms, which accountants can easily notice when making the calculation. In the best case, an oral warning will be issued, but there is the option of contacting a law enforcement agency. Falsification of official documentation in our country is punishable by law, so you should not try to illegally open a sick leave retroactively. In addition, it is worthwhile to understand: transferring money for a fake certificate is not yet a guarantee that at least something will be sent in response. The office can just evaporate. Is it worth the risk, it is up to each citizen to decide on his own.
Do I need it
Some people are still convinced that sick leave in our country is categorically unprofitable, and the more preferable option from a financial point of view is to transfer the disease while in the workplace. Indeed, the salary policy of some enterprises forces a number of responsible workers to make just such a decision. At the same time, you need to understand that the sick people came up with no reason. Being in a team in such a situation is not only a strong blow to their condition, but also the risk of infection of colleagues.
In some cases, the well-being becomes so poor that it is simply impossible to do without a sick leave. The longer a person pulls with an appointment with a doctor, the harder and longer the recovery process will be, so the most reasonable option is to use medical care at the beginning of the disease, when only a couple of days are enough to fully recover. It is safe both for the employee and for his relatives, relatives, friends and colleagues.
When to go for help
The most common reason for opening a sick leave is a virus, infection, cold. Other pathologies provoking temporary disability are somewhat less common. The law requires receiving financial assistance if the employee is forced to assist a sick relative. These are not only minors, but also parents of advanced age. In any of the options it is necessary to go to the doctor’s clinic for a clinic that has a special license for issuing a temporary disability sheet. The document is drawn up only after diagnosis, determining the presence and nature of the pathology.
Responsibility for the design of disease sheets is assigned not only to clinics and a number of private clinics. Such a document can be issued by specialists of a dental hospital, neuropsychiatric dispensary and other specialized medical institutions. In the area of responsibility of doctors - verification of the fact of the real existence of a reason for obtaining a certificate. To deceive the doctor, pretending as if the child is sick, will not work.
Do i have the right
The laws clearly establish whether, by closing the sick-list, it is possible to open another one, how to draw up a sheet during the weekend and under other conditions. You can learn about all this from the order mentioned above, as well as the Federal Law published in 2011 and dedicated to the work of the healthcare system within our country. Additional standards are prescribed in the TC. It makes sense to familiarize yourself with the mentioned normative acts in order to be guided in all your duties, rights, opportunities.By the way, the answer to the question stated above is positive: you can open the second disability sheet after the first if the doctor, closing the first sick leave, gives a referral to another specialist who immediately recognizes the patient as disabled. In such a situation, an appropriate certificate is issued and the patient can safely continue treatment, counting on the material support of the employer.
To draw up a certificate of incapacity for work, it is necessary to visit the doctor who specializes in the patient’s disease. The doctor not only conducts an initial examination, but also issues a referral for tests and other special events. The duration of the sick leave period usually varies from three days to two weeks. Current regulations limit the duration of a sheet of temporary disability for one doctor - 15 days. If the person still has not recovered, draw up a new document. The doctor tells about the features of the procedure directly at the appointment, focusing on the features of the case.
I'm not giving it!
Situations are different. Sometimes, for example, a doctor refuses to issue a disability certificate. Most often this is due to unreasonable claims on the part of the citizen. The document is laid if the person was injured, treated in a hospital, sent to a sanatorium, forced to care for a sick relative. Temporary disability can be caused by pathologies in the family, obliging to adhere to quarantine.
If a citizen came to see a doctor without symptoms of any disease, the doctor cannot write a certificate. It is not put to those who:
- wondered whether it is possible to open a closed sick leave;
- administratively arrested;
- sick with a chronic disease.
They will not give a sheet of temporary disability to an applicant planning to enter a university and forced to undergo a medical commission for this.
Payment Features
As you know, a disease is such a nuisance that can overtake at the most unpredictable moment, and the days of the week do not matter for viruses and germs, so sometimes it happens that the sick-list is open on a day off. Inexperienced accountants often doubt whether it is necessary to pay for such a day. The current legislation expressly declared that payment is due for all those days that are indicated on the disability sheet. It does not matter whether they are everyday life or not.
If the sick leave is open on the weekend, the employee should not worry about his material preferences and guarantees. His rights are protected by law. However, it is not always possible to get a certificate at a state polyclinic at such a moment - there is a possibility that the local GP will also have a day off. In such a situation, you can take the help of a doctor on duty or make an appointment with a paid medical institution that has a license for registration of sick leave. This option allows you to prevent the loss of time in queues, you can pre-select a convenient time for yourself.
Who has no rights
Some medical institutions, according to ordinary citizens, differ little from hospitals, clinics, do not have the right to issue certificates, disability sheets. These include, for example, donor blood collection stations. Here they can only give a certificate of blood donation, on the basis of which a citizen has the right to two paid days off. You will not be able to get sick leave from specialists who came as a result of an ambulance call. Recreational health facilities and emergency wards are not eligible for paperwork.
Do not try to get help just for the sake of relaxation. Of course, few people have enough public holidays to regain their strength, especially if a person works on a six-day schedule, and public holidays or vacations are not even visible on the horizon.Nevertheless, illegal registration of a sick leave is not the most suitable option in such a situation. Previously, some private clinics went to meet clients by issuing disability sheets at the simple request, but more frequent inspections and strict punishment for such activities have recently narrowed the list of institutions practicing the provision of such services.
We will check everything
If the employer doubts the employee’s state of health and the legality of receiving sick leave, he is entitled to send an official request to the medical institution that opened the disability certificate. Clinic specialists are required to provide a medical history of the client. Typically, this situation occurs if the worker too often goes to the sick leave, which raises doubts about his honesty. Do not rely on preserving the place if a scam is revealed. There is a possibility of administrative punishment.
Addresses and Rules
Recently, more and more citizens are leaving their native places to work in large cities, but not everyone is registering there. It is believed that it is impossible to go to a state clinic without official registration, and many go to their homelands for the sick leave. In reality, everything is much simpler. The presence of a compulsory insurance policy gives you the right to be admitted to any state-owned hospital. To do this, you must first write an appeal to the head physician of the institution. As a rule, a positive response to a document is put in just a few minutes, after which a medical record is put on a person. The therapist responsible for the site of the settlement where the citizen lives, takes the patient and draws up a certificate of incapacity for work.
To summarize
So, a step-by-step instruction for opening a sick leave:
- Consult a doctor to fix the disease.
- After admission, go to the registry to draw up the document.
- Follow your doctor's instructions regarding secondary administration.
- After recovery, put on the sick-list all the required stamps and seals of the medical institution.
- Submit the document to the accounting department at the place of work as soon as possible.
And most importantly, remember that your employer must pay a disability certificate, otherwise you can safely apply for help and protect your rights with a lawsuit.