Work with electricity requires special knowledge and special skills. Incorrect or poor installation of wiring can cause damage to equipment, fire wiring and electric shock. Therefore, it is better to entrust such a task to professional electricians. But not every one of them will cope with work of high complexity, a certain qualification and approval of an electrician is necessary.
How to choose a qualified specialist?
How not to miscalculate with a qualified worker and hire a really good electrician? Self-respecting specialist:
- has its own special tool;
- has experience in several years (namely in apartments and private houses, and not in state enterprises);
- has an electrician certificate with access to work (not lower than the third);
- performs work in overalls;
- has good recommendations;
- gives an explanation of what he is going to do;
- answers questions clearly and professionally;
- offers several options for performing the same work;
- technically competent;
- gives a guarantee for the work performed;
- always cleans the workplace after itself.
You can evaluate the level of professionalism of a specialist only by seeing the work with your own eyes. It is better to contact the electrician with an electrician’s approval certificate according to the recommendations of friends. You can find an employee through announcements. When deciding on a particular electrician, it is important to carefully familiarize yourself with his qualifications, work experience, education received and the term of the guarantee for work. Another important thing is the safety clearance for an electrician.
Of course, you can always use the services through the housing department. The phone of the management company is known by the senior on the porch or at home, you can ask for the phone number of the Housing Office from the neighbors. But do not completely rely on this organization. As a rule, employees of management companies receive low wages and are not at all interested in orders. It is better to involve an electrician from the housing office only in those works that, for one reason or another (for example, according to the tolerance level), cannot be done by an invited specialist.
What is the electrical safety clearance level?
Tolerance group - determination of the level possessed by an electrical engineer. Such an assessment describes the knowledge of basic non-hazardous methods of working with electrical installations. The level of admission is assigned only in the presence of members of a special commission, while a specialist is issued a certificate of a certain type.
As a rule, an electrician approval group can be obtained at the place of employment or at a branch of Rostekhnadzor. According to the level of access to an electrician, the employer has the ability to qualify a large number of tasks that can be entrusted to this specialist. There are five admission groups in total.
Who issues an electrician's approval?
In order for the hired employee to fulfill his immediate duties, he must be taught non-hazardous business practices in the workplace or his knowledge and skills must be confirmed before that. On the basis of the organization, only a special commission can issue permits, but in order to form such a group of specialists, it is necessary that four of them first receive 4 admission groups and one fifth.
The commission must necessarily include engineering and technical workers with higher specialized education and at least three years of experience in this production. The created group of employees (with the study program and with the help of technical supervision) has the opportunity to issue an electrician's permit and discuss all issues within the group.
How to get 1 group of electrical safety approval
Who can get the first level of admission and how to do it? The initial level of access for an electrician is received by specialists who do not work directly with electrical installations or with existing electric machines. Such workers, as a rule, do not have the slightest deal with electricity, but must be familiar with the criteria for safe handling of electric current, and also be able to provide first aid when it is struck.
To receive 1 group, a briefing is enough, which is carried out by a person who has a group of at least 3. Subsequently, based on the results of several control questions, a decision is made on the assignment of an admission group. The group can be issued both at the enterprise (unless, of course, a special commission has been formed), and at the Rostekhnadzor branch.
How to get 2 group
This category is assigned to specialists who, in their daily activities, are faced with existing electrical machines. These workers are required to possess knowledge that is relied on for 1 group of admission, and also have an idea of the work of electrical engineering.
As a rule, certification is carried out for those employees who have not received an electrical education. They must take special courses lasting about 80 hours. If the employee already has a certificate of completion, this level is assigned automatically (after providing the commission with a diploma of completion of courses).
This admission group is considered to be the highest that minors are entitled to receive.
After undergoing training, an electrician must put into practice the acquired technical knowledge on working with electrical equipment. In addition, the specialist must clearly understand for himself the potential consequences of electric shock and comprehend the skills of safe work on live parts of equipment assigned to the employee. The examiner should, in addition to this, possess the practical abilities of helping victims in the event of electric shock.
Obtaining the third group of electrical safety approval
The third admission group determines the right of a specialist to work with electrical installations with a voltage of not more than a thousand volts. The label "up to and above 1000 V" allows with such a group to work in a team at plants where the voltage is above 1000 volts.
With the 3rd admission group, a professional should understand electrical equipment and electrical engineering in general, be able to teach others basic safety knowledge and the rules of assistance in case of electric shock, and also have the skills to control the work of subordinates and be able to provide assistance to victims.
An electrician of the third category must:
- have basic knowledge of electrical engineering;
- know the device and the rules of maintenance of electrical installations;
- know the theory: safety precautions, criteria for admission to work, a list of special requirements that apply to a number of duties;
- understand how to safely operate electrical equipment;
- be able to provide assistance to victims.
A group is assigned only by a special commission at the enterprise or in the Rostekhnadzor department. An employee with a higher specialized education has the right to receive this level after a month of work in group 2, and others after six months of work.
How to get the 4th group of electrical safety
This group makes it possible to work with installations with voltages above 1000 volts.At this level of access, a professional is obliged to study the entire university program in electrical engineering, be able to apply methods of safe operation with current, know the criteria for safe operation and the rules for installing electrical installations, fire safety. In addition, an employee with a fourth access group must be able to understand the installations with which he works, and also in an accessible form to give knowledge to electricians of the first or third groups.
Certification is carried out only by a commission at the enterprise or in the department of Rostekhnadzor. An employee with a higher electrical education has the right to receive this admission group after three months of work in the 3rd group, and others after 6 months of work. Persons who do not have a special education (fairly specialized secondary) cannot get this group at all.
Fifth group of electrical safety approval
The following admission of an electrician to work makes it possible to carry out all work with any electrical installations, and also to fulfill the direct duties of an electrical manager. To obtain this group, a professional must possess extensive knowledge in the field of electrical engineering, fully understand the devices, know the safety criteria and the rules for installing electrical installations, fire safety, be able to teach other people basic concepts of safety and assistance, control personnel during work.
Certification, as in the case of other groups, is carried out only by the commission at a particular enterprise or at the Rostekhnadzor department. A specialist with higher specialized education has the right to receive this admission group after 2 months of work in 4 groups, and others after 27 months of work according to the previous admission. Persons who do not have a secondary electrical education cannot receive this group.
What access levels do experts have?
Municipal inspectors, labor protection experts who control electrical installations are not ranked among electrical personnel, but they must have at least a fourth level of access with the right to inspect and have a total industrial experience of more than two years.
Energy supervision inspectors and labor protection experts at energy supply companies may have an electrician’s approval with group 5. It is possible to obtain an admission level at informal enterprises by purchasing a “crust”. But it should be noted that the security of the employee and other employees depends on this, therefore, you need to take this issue very seriously.
Certification of an electrician: sample
What does an electrician’s ID look like? This is a booklet on which the name and surname of the employee, position, name of organization, identification number, date of issue, admission group and seal are indicated on the first page. On the second page of the electrician’s certificate of approval, there is a table in which the results of the checks are entered. It indicates the date of verification, the reason, group, rating, date of the next inspection. Signed by the chairman of the commission. An electrician whose discharges and tolerances are indicated in the certificate may be involved in the performance of the relevant work.
Instructions for obtaining electrician approval
So, how to get an electrician clearance:
- It is necessary to notify the direct boss of the desire to acquire an electrical safety group. In the event that an employee first enters the service in the specialty, which is assigned to the category of electrical personnel, then the employee responsible for the electrical industry will assign such an employee 2 group after the last course of 78 training hours. After the experience with the 2nd admission group, you can get the 3rd.
- For further training, you should also contact the manager with the corresponding request. As a rule, an employee will be sent for training to a training center licensed by Rostekhnadzor.Then, upon completion of training, due to the organization and delivery of the set-off, 3 admission groups will be assigned.
- If you are employed with a certificate from your previous place of work, you need to prepare for the fact that the new company will ask questions about the electrical access group to confirm knowledge of electrical safety to confirm the level indicated in the certificate. Training is at the expense of the employer.
The algorithm for obtaining an electrician's permit or advanced training is similar for each group.