How to conduct an IP? It is extremely important for novice entrepreneurs to understand this urgent issue. After all, everything that concerns him is connected with finances, payment of fees and reporting. And yet every aspect of IP-activity is related to taxation, whose representatives may have many questions for the entrepreneur if he does not fulfill the obligations associated with his status as a businessman. Therefore, it is worth telling in detail about how to conduct an IP correctly.
Start
The first step is to register the IP itself. It is very simple, despite the fact that more often it seems the other way around. Minimum package of documents required:
- Copy of Russian passport.
- Application for state registration in the form of No. P21001.
- Receipt of payment of state duty (800 rubles).
- Application for the transition to the selected taxation system (for beginners and small enterprises recommended USN).
The most important thing at this stage is to accurately determine the OKVED codes and fill out the questionnaires. Public samples are available for this. By focusing on them, you can definitely avoid mistakes.
When the documents are collected, and the statements are drawn up, you can go to the tax office and submit them. Within three days, the USRIP record sheet and notice of registration will be ready. And after that, you can delve into the topic regarding how to conduct IP from scratch, for beginners.
STS
All inexperienced entrepreneurs are encouraged to immediately switch to a simplified tax system. This is the first thing that everyone who wants to know about how to conduct IP is obliged to learn. For beginners, it will not be easy to understand the OSNO (common system), UTII, and the Unified Social Tax Administration. They are complex in terms of accounting and reporting. And STS is good as follows:
- Increased limits. STS is available to every entrepreneur whose annual income does not exceed 150,000,000 r.
- No penalties in the amount of the maximum payment as a penalty for late reporting.
- Can be used online services instead of the usual cash registers. Through them, all sales data goes immediately to the tax office, and this makes accounting easier.
- Pay the contributions can both the founder and other representatives of the company.
But the most important plus is that the tax return must not be submitted quarterly, but only once a year (but before April 30).
Fixed contributions
It is also necessary to tell about how to keep accounting for a beginner entrepreneur who does not have employees. So, the first thing to remember: each entrepreneur must pay fixed fees, even the one who opened the IP for a tick and does not conduct activities. These contributions go to pension, medical and social insurance. Since 2017, they need to be paid not to each fund individually, but to their own tax - according to the amended BCC.
To find out the codes of budget qualification, you need to take a personal state registration number and go to the inspection.
What about the amount? Fixed contributions in 2017 amount to 27,990 rubles. In the mandatory medical insurance, 4,590 rubles are spent from this amount. And to the pension fund - 23,400 rubles.
In the event that his income for the year exceeds the mark of 300,000 rubles, you will need to pay 1% of the amount exceeding this limit.
Filling out a declaration
This is perhaps the most crucial moment. Every person who wants to understand how to start conducting IP accounting needs to figure it out. And here are the nuances that need to be learned:
- Cost indicators are indicated in rubles, and pennies are rounded. If there are more than 50, then up to 1 rub. Less? Then the pennies are completely discarded.
- For one cell - only one number, letter or sign.
- The cells that the entrepreneur passes as empty are filled with dashes. There should not be voids.
Filling out a declaration should be treated as responsibly as writing an application for registration of IP. In this case, too, everything is simple, to be careful.
On the first half of the title page indicates information about the company. About some of the nuances that seem new to beginners incomprehensible, you can tell in more detail.
There is an item called “Adjustment Number”. A person filing a declaration for the year, there must be set to zero. In the field "tax period" in this case, put the number "34". If the year is unfinished (upon liquidation of the IP or upon changing the special regime), “50” shall be indicated. And in the paragraph "at the location of the account" an individual entrepreneur must put the number "120". That's all there is to remember.
How to calculate taxes?
The second section of the declaration is devoted to income. Revenue information needs to be filled in on an accrual basis. The corresponding fields are intended for this - the first quarter, six months, 9 months and a year (otherwise referred to as the tax period).
In simple terms, a person must enter numbers in these cells reflecting the amount of his income. Let's say 240,000, 480,000, 720,000 and 960,000 rubles, respectively. In the “rate” paragraph, the percent designation is indicated (in this case, since it is a simplified tax system, it is six).
On the same page, just below all the items listed, you can see a small table of contents, designated as "The amount of the calculated tax." A person calculates it and writes it out in similar cells. The formula is simple: the amount of income is multiplied by 6% (this will be 0.06 in mathematical value). Turning to the previous example, it will look like this: 240,000 x 0.06 = 14,400 rubles. This result is written to the appropriate cell. 14,400 rubles - the amount that a person will need to pay as tax for the first quarter. For a year from a profit of 960,000 rubles, it will be equal to 57,600 rubles.
In general, it’s easy to calculate. You only need to remember the formula - this is the main thing for beginners who do not know how to start conducting IP accounting and compiling reports.
What if there is no profit?
For some beginners, this is fear, but for others it is an urgent issue. In any case, the answer to it needs to be known to every person who is interested in how to conduct an IP. For beginners, the instruction may seem complicated, but in reality everything is extremely simple.
It is necessary to learn: even if there was no financial activity, you will have to report to the tax. Conventionally, this is called the delivery of a zero return.
It is most convenient for those entrepreneurs who do not have a staff. They simply pass a "zero", according to which their calculated tax is zero. It turns out that for the year, except for fixed contributions, they do not pay anything. But those businessmen who have registered workers will have worse. They can only reduce the tax base by 50% of the amount of contributions.
How to fill in the "null"? The first sheet is as it was said earlier. But all the cells of the second section (devoted to taxes and profits) are filled with dashes.
What you need to pass, except for the declaration?
This is also necessary for every person who wants to understand how to conduct IP. Step-by-step instructions for beginners can help you figure it out quickly. And here is a brief summary of what, in addition to the declaration, it will be necessary to provide entrepreneurs with a staff of employees:
- Reporting on personal income tax (reflected income of employees).
- Data on the average headcount (number of employees on average over a certain period).
- Reporting on insurance contributions to extrabudgetary funds.
The most important thing in this case is to hand over all documents within the specified deadlines. 6-PITs are provided quarterly, SZV-M every month, 2-PITs once a year (no later than the first of April), 4-FSS and data on the average number until January 20 of the year following the reporting year.
Procedure
So, above was briefly described how to conduct IP. For beginners, the methods may seem complicated, but in fact, to deal with all the "paper" cases is simple, if you show responsibility and attentiveness.
What about payment? There is such a thing - to pay tax in advance. This can be done before the expiration of 25 days from the date of completion of the reporting period. In this case, all advance payments made by the entrepreneur will be credited to the tax.
But you can do otherwise. That is, pay tax at the end of the year. This must be done before April 30 of the year that follows the expired reporting period.
Speaking about how to conduct IP for beginners, it is important to note that there are three ways to pay tax. You can deposit funds through a client bank, by forming a payment order, or by issuing a receipt for cashless payments.
Responsibility for Violations
Why is it so important to deal with how to conduct accounting for a new entrepreneur? Because for the irresponsible attitude to their new activities and the status of an entrepreneur, serious fines are due. So, for example, if a person delays the filing of a declaration for 10 or more days, operations on his account may be frozen. This is stated in article No. 76 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
Plus, being late with delivery entails a fine, which varies from 5% to 30% of the amount of unpaid tax. This is stated in article No. 119 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
In the event that a person even decided not to pay tax, he was fined 20-40%. You can verify this if you pay attention to article No. 122 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
It is also important to remember that the use of the simplified tax system is not the reason why you can forget about calculating, withholding and transferring personal income tax from the salary of employees.
Documentation
There is one more nuance that cannot be ignored when talking about how to conduct IP for beginners (a sample of declarations, by the way, is provided above). As practice shows, representatives of the tax inspectorate like to visit the company with inspections. Therefore, it is very important to carefully treat all documents. For example, if an entrepreneur owns a store, then he needs to store:
- Cash papers.
- Contracts with suppliers of services and goods, landlords, wholesale buyers.
- Personnel documents (if there are employees).
- Primary papers.
- Agreement with the bank and account statements.
All documents must be systematized by category and by period. If you urgently need to find the right paper, then such forethought will play into the hands. And you also need to learn how to use the notorious online services. They are more reliable than notes on paper and allow you to save on an accountant.
BASIC
Talking about how to conduct IP for beginners, it is worthwhile to pay a little attention to the nuances associated with the notorious general tax system. It is useful for beginners in the field of entrepreneurship to find out what pitfalls it hides in itself, and why it is worth choosing USN.
Firstly, with OSS, you need to keep a book of expenses and income. And this is a whole baggage of unnecessary trouble. In this book you need to make detailed information about all transactions that are related to finance. Why? Because it is on the basis of the Book that a declaration is subsequently drawn up and sent at the end of the reporting period to the inspection.
Secondly, the state will have to give back not 6%, but 13%. And every three months you will need to pay 18 percent VAT. Payments to the state treasury cannot be avoided if a person’s enterprise has a plot or a vehicle.
Thirdly, every three months you will have to send a statement to the social and pension funds.
Even this small list of specific features of the OSNO is enough to understand why the vast majority of individual entrepreneurs are on the STS. Even LLCs are trying to switch to “simplified”. Indeed, if one can legally simplify one's life if one has such an opportunity, why not take advantage of it?