Who is eligible for maternity capital? Are there any ways to manage finances received under the state program "maternity capital"? Answers to all these questions will be provided in the article.
Russian legislation on maternity capital
The most important legal source for the functioning of the program is 256-FZ "On measures to support a family with children." This normative act is based on the Russian Constitution, as well as on generally recognized norms of international law. The authorities are obliged to establish measures of additional support for families, to regulate the rights to maternity capital. This should happen at the expense of the regional budgets of the Russian Federation.
The law establishes important concepts that should be considered in more detail. What are ways to support families with children? These are measures to improve the living conditions of families, social adaptation of children, the implementation of pensions, education, etc.
Maternity capital refers to funds allocated by the federal budget and transferred to the Russian Pension Fund. The funds go to the implementation of state support methods. Another concept that enshrines the law is called the state certificate for maternity capital. According to the regulatory act, this is a special document that confirms the right to support measures from the state of an additional type.
Who is eligible to receive maternity capital?
Article 3 of the Federal Law under consideration enshrines the main groups of citizens entitled to receive state support of an additional type. Such a right arises for persons with Russian citizenship. What are the conditions for obtaining maternity capital today? A prerequisite is the presence of children born after 2007. Have the opportunity to receive maternity capital and men who are single parents of the second and any subsequent adopted child. Moreover, the program does not take into account persons deprived of parental rights.
The child himself has the right to measures of support from the state. The law states that his parents should be deprived of the right to education. The death of parents is also considered an occasion for the child to have the right to measures of support from the state. If several children were left orphans at once, then state-type support measures are distributed in different proportions. The receipt of money can occur either before adulthood, or up to 23 years - but on the condition that a citizen receives full-time education.
About Support Certificate
The question of who is entitled to receive maternity capital raises the problem of acquiring a special certificate. 
Article 5 of the bill under consideration establishes the norm according to which persons applying for state support should apply to the Russian Pension Fund. On paper or in electronic form, an appropriate statement must be made indicating all the data about yourself. Persons entitled to receive maternity capital are required to provide all necessary documentation to the state body.
A pension fund may refuse to receive a certificate. What conditions should be for this? Here is what makes the law stand out:
- the citizen’s lack of rights to state support measures;
- presentation of false information about yourself or about the child;
- termination or suspension of a special right to state support measures.
Citizens are responsible for providing false information about themselves to the FIU. If the certificate was nevertheless obtained, parents are required to pass it on to their children when the latter have reached the age of majority.
About the amount of maternity capital
Article 6 of the Federal Law under consideration establishes the exact amount of state support for individual families. As of 2017, the amount of payment is slightly more than 453 thousand rubles.
The law provides for the revision of the size of capital in the light of rising inflation. The corresponding federal law fixing the state budget for each new year also fixes new amounts of payments. So, since 2007, the total amount of maternal capital has more than doubled - from 200 thousand rubles to almost half a million. Moreover, the FIU is obliged to inform citizens about the size of payments.
In 2017, an amendment was made. So, from January 2018 to 2020, the cost of maternity capital will freeze. Authorities have decided to ban indexing for two years.
About the disposal of maternity capital
The problem of managing money received from the state is no less important today than the question of who has the right to maternity capital. The bill establishes certain rules, according to which parents should manage the finances received only in some strictly established areas.
Here are the areas that are highlighted in the normative act:
- education by children;
- housing improvement;
- formation of a pension;
- purchase of services and goods intended for social integration and adaptation of children with disabilities into the social environment.
Persons who have received a certificate have the right to manage funds in several directions at once. The use of funds in other areas not specified in the law entails liability for the waste of public funds.
When is the document on disposal of maternity capital funds submitted? Who is eligible to receive a certificate of opportunity to spend public finances? The normative act speaks of a period of three years from the date of birth of the second or subsequent child after the second. The FIU suspends the program for an individual family as soon as the disposal of maternity capital funds is completed in full.
About home improvement
About each area of disposal of funds of the maternity capital program is worth telling a little more. Who can receive maternity capital? As already mentioned, these are families with two or more children. Accordingly, a family of four or more should live in normal conditions. That is why the state allows spending 453 thousand rubles received on the modernization of housing conditions. What is part of the housing improvement process? 
Here is what the normative act indicates:
- acquisition of housing on the terms of transactions that do not contradict the law;
- construction or reconstruction of a housing facility.
Unfortunately, only half of the amount received can be spent on the construction or reconstruction of housing conditions. Moreover, users of public finances are required to provide the following documents to the FIU:
- copies of the certificate and certificates confirming ownership of the land or house;
- copy of the building permit;
- extracts from the real estate register;
- building permit or reconstruction permit.
Built residential property should be located in Russia. Thus, the question of who has the right to receive maternity capital and to spend it is rather strictly regulated by the norms of the law.
Education for children
Section 11 of the law regulating the issue of who has the right to receive maternity capital stipulates that the funds received be used to educate the child. Naturally, the educational organization to which funds will be allocated should be located on the territory of the Russian state. 
Software can be directed to the following activities:
- payment for paid services provided by an educational organization;
- payment of any expenses related to educational activities in one way or another (the list of expenses is fixed by the Government).
Funds can be realized for the education of a native or adopted child.
About the formation of a pension
Article 12 of the Federal Law under consideration states that it is possible to spend funds received under the maternity capital program to increase pension payments. What is needed for this? Citizens who have chosen this option of managing budget funds declare their intentions to the FIU. The funds remain in the budget, after which state authorities will draw up a statement on their transfer to the general pension fund of an individual.
Citizens have the right to refuse to form a pension at the expense of maternity capital. For this, a special statement for the FIU must be prepared.
Support for children with disabilities
Maternity capital funds can be allocated for social integration and adaptation of children with disabilities. This includes the purchase of special products, as well as the purchase of certain medical or educational services. Each such acquisition must necessarily be documented.
In normative act No. 256-FZ, it will be possible to find more detailed answers to questions about who is entitled to maternity capital, how to use this capital, and also what documents need to be drawn up.