International Criminal Investigation It is considered one of the key areas of cooperation between countries in combating crime. During its implementation, international legal norms and principles, provisions of interstate agreements and national laws apply. Consider further features international search for criminals and other persons. 
general characteristics
International Tracing a set of measures is called the authorized structures of the initiating country and the requested foreign states, aimed at the detection, detention and extradition (extradition) of wanted persons. It is held on the territory of each country participating in the search.
State cooperation is based on the following principles:
- Sovereign equality of countries.
- Non-interference in the affairs of other states.
- Conscientious performance of the undertaken obligations.
- Respect for freedoms and human rights.
- The inevitability of punishment for committed unlawful acts.
Interaction basics
During implementation international wanted all generally accepted forms of cooperation between countries are used. In particular, states conclude special bilateral and multilateral agreements and create universal and regional organizations.
Cooperation between countries is carried out through the mediation of the National Central Bureau, the international wanted list of Interpol. The interaction is coordinated by the Secretariat of IOUP (International Criminal Police Organization).
ICPO value
Into the structure International Tracing Service includes the General Secretariat. This body is permanent.
The General Secretariat coordinates events internationally, provides updates criminal databasethat are wanted. This body is also authorized to cancel the search for persons in connection with a violation of the Interpol Charter or insufficient information. 
NCB
Through the National Central Bureau international search subjects:
- Defendants, accused, but hiding from investigative or judicial authorities.
- Avoiding punishment.
- Convicts who escaped from places of detention.
- Unknown missing.
The activities of the NCB are aimed at ensuring the interaction of law enforcement and other government agencies of Russia and the foreign member countries of Interpol.
Grounds for an international wanted list
Through the NCB, it is possible to initiate a search for persons only in the territory of the participating countries of Interpol.
There are a number of nuances that need to be addressed. Attention. Wanted through Interpol is initiated only if information is received about:
- Departure of the subject outside of Russia.
- The presence of friendly, family or other ties with a person abroad of the Russian Federation.
- The citizen’s intentions to leave Russia for a business or other purpose.
If there is confirmed information that the person has left the Russian Federation, the search is announced immediately. At the same time, measures are being taken to promptly declare a citizen on the federal wanted list.
Another point to be taken pay attention - wanted through Interpol is not provided for entities involved in crimes in the military, political sphere, as well as those of a racial or religious nature.
Nuances
On the line of Interpol wanted criminalswho have escaped and evade serving their sentences only if they have been sentenced to imprisonment.
The organization of events may be refused if, in accordance with the national legislative norms of the country in the territory of which they are supposed to be held, for the act the commission of which the wanted entity is charged with is not criminalized.
Procedural Issues
Simultaneously with the announcement of the wanted list, a border control request is sent to the FSB of the Russian Federation wanted criminals. 
The search for the accused, convicted, defendant through the NCB is carried out on the basis of the relevant decision of law enforcement agencies.
The order of the Prosecutor General
It is sent to the NCB to initiate an international search for the subjects for further arrest and extradition. To do this, an order is being formulated by the Prosecutor General’s Office to contact the competent authorities of foreign countries through Interpol’s channels with a request to detain a wanted citizen before receiving an official request for his extradition.
The order must contain confirmation that upon detection and detention of a person in the territory of any member country of Interpol, extradition will be requested in the prescribed manner.
Preparatory stage
Prior to sending a request to the NCB for the announcement of a wanted criminal or citizen missing, authorized structures should:
To establish the fact of issuing the wanted passport to the subject. If the answer is yes, copies of materials, which became the basis for receiving the document, and details of the latter are requested in the appropriate division of the FMS.
Take measures to collect data on the identity of the wanted citizen, including those necessary to identify the subject.
Gather other information, materials, documents that are used to form a request for international search. 
NCB actions
After receiving the request, the National Bureau carries out its check for compliance with the established requirements. After studying, one of the decisions is made:
- Take measures to fulfill the request.
- Request additional information if the data received is insufficient.
- Refuse to declare a citizen on the international wanted list.
The decision made by the Bureau is notified to the structure that sent the request. The response shall indicate the measures taken to organize the search for the results obtained during it.
Key events
After a citizen is put on the wanted list, the NCB shall:
- Sending a request to the foreign member countries of Interpol (in one or more).
- Preparation and submission of applications (YELLOW, BLUE or RED NOTICE) to the General Secretariat of IOUP.
A request is sent to all Interpol member countries if:
- The operative-search work carried out on the territory of the states in which the wanted person had connections, and he himself could be located, did not yield results.
- There is confirmed data on the subject’s departure outside Russia, but there is no information on the whereabouts or possible connections abroad.
An application for the formation of an international search notice is sent to the Secretariat one year after the request for declaring a citizen wanted is sent to all Interpol member countries if the measures taken earlier were ineffective. 
RED NOTICE
This application is sent to draw up a notice of the search for a person for his subsequent arrest and extradition. It is sent to the Secretariat if the National Security Bureau received confirmation from the Prosecutor General's Office that upon detection and detention of an entity in a foreign country, the arrest and extradition of this person will be requested in accordance with the established rules.
RED NOTICE can be transmitted until the end of the year from the date of sending the request to all Interpol member countries, if:
- The wanted citizen committed a particularly serious act.
- The crime caused major damage.
- A citizen is a recidivist.
Termination of the wanted list
It is allowed after a period allotted for the implementation of all necessary measures to detect a citizen. International search term limited to 1 year. However, it is possible to extend it. To continue the operational-search measures, a notification should be sent to the NCB annually.
The international search ends if:
- The location of the wanted citizen is established on the territory of the Russian Federation or a foreign state.
- A corpse of a person was discovered or documentary evidence of his death was received.
- Criminal proceedings discontinued.
- The subject was extradited to the law enforcement authorities that initiated the search.
- A citizen is detained in Russia.
- The preventive measure has been changed.
- An act of amnesty has been issued.
In the presence of one of the indicated grounds, a decision is made to complete the international search. 
The procedure for interaction with the National Bureau in the detection / detention of a person
A message about the discovery or detention of a citizen wanted for subsequent arrest and extradition is transmitted:
- To the initiator of events directly or through his branch (if the request came from him). After receiving the message, the branch must redirect it to the initiator of the search within 24 hours.
- Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation.
Citizen handover
Through the NCB, the competent authorities of a non-CIS country should coordinate issues related to the implementation of the extradition procedure for the wanted entity. In particular, the date, time, place of transfer, a list of binding documents, the size and composition of the convoy are determined. In addition, issues related to the stay of a citizen in a foreign state should be resolved.
The initiator of the search shall notify the NCB about the delivery of the face. The National Bureau, in particular, is notified of the date of arrival, the place of accommodation of the citizen.
After delivery, the initiator of the search within three days after the transfer must make a decision on the completion of the search activities. The document must be submitted to the CS or a branch within 2 days. The latter is also obliged to inform the National Offices of foreign countries in whose territory the search was carried out within two days about its termination.
Features of the interaction of competent authorities in the detection of an unknown missing person
If the relevant message is received by the CS, it is sent to the initiator of the search events or to the branch.
If an adult capable legally missing citizen is discovered, the competent authorities of the country in whose territory he was found can only report his whereabouts with his consent. If one is missing, only information about the fact of the detection of the face is transmitted.
If a minor is found, an entity suffering from mental disorders, a legally incompetent or partially capable citizen, a report of his whereabouts shall be sent without the consent of the person found.
After receiving the information, the initiator of the search measures makes a decision on their completion. The document must be published within 3 days.
Information Support
Requests by law enforcement agencies of foreign countries received through the Interpol channel to the Russian Internal Affairs Directorate are recognized as the basis for search activities in Russia. 
Responsible for the organization of the search are the NCB, units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and other authorized bodies. In accordance with the procedure established by the Ministry of the Interior, the National Bureau sends information about convicted, accused, defendants and citizens missing missing to a unified information system for keeping records.
Wanted in Russia
After receiving a request from the Secretariat or the NCB of a foreign state, representatives of law enforcement agencies accredited by diplomatic missions and consulates on the territory of the Russian Federation about the organization of search activities, the National Bureau is obliged to study it. The study checks:
- The completeness of the wanted information.
- Criminal punishability of an act to which a citizen is involved, according to Russian law.
- The presence with the initiator of the search for an agreement regulating the conditions and procedure for issuance.
If the authorized bodies of a foreign state that sent the request have information about the possible location of the subject, his relations in Russia, they must be transferred to the competent Russian structures together with a request to carry out operational search actions to establish the address at which the citizen is located, or to detain faces. Such a request must contain information necessary for the identification of the subject, information about the crime to which he was involved, and a document based on his detention. The latter is, in particular, an arrest warrant or court order.
