It is generally accepted that migration registration of citizens is only necessary for immigrants, however, in Russia, migration legislation also applies to people with citizenship. Non-compliance with norms and laws in this area leads to a variety of sanctions, depending on the violation committed by the citizen.
The specifics of citizen registration
Migration registration was created in order to track the movement of people within the country and record visitors. The need for such registration appeared in the days of the USSR, when movement around the country with the subsequent change of place of residence was seriously limited by the state itself. Now normative acts give greater freedom, but for the most part the goals are pursued the same:
- The opportunity at any time to find out the whereabouts of the person who committed the offense.
- The ability to easily find out the address of a lost person.
- The possibility of medical or social assistance.
- The ability to count the population of a settlement and an individual region.
- And there are a lot of very different, including indirect, opportunities that can improve the interaction of citizens with the state.
As regards immigrants, the goals are the same, with the only difference being that migration registration of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation is also carried out in order to understand how much of the population are migrants, where they are from and where they are. In accordance with the indicators of the migration service, special medical and sanitary supervision is introduced for certain regions.
At the same time, migration registration may become more serious if there are international sports competitions, festivals in the country, or there are terrorist and other threats.
Registration of citizens of the Russian Federation
Migration registration of Russian citizens in the Russian Federation is carried out for different purposes. The most common objects of accounting are a passport and residence registration, or temporary registration.
The need for such manipulations grows all of the same goals of the state: ensuring security and proper control. Depending on where the person is registered or registered, targeted social and medical assistance will be provided. Also, information about the true whereabouts of a citizen is necessary for tax and other services to send correspondence.
Registration of foreign citizens
In cases where a citizen comes to Russia for tourist purposes or for a short-term business trip, there is no need to register. Also, you do not need to register if the visit to Russia is transit. Migration registration of foreign citizens is needed if a citizen:
- lives in the country;
- works in the country;
- Has a business in the country.
Registration at the place of residence
Migration registration makes registration at the place of residence an obligatory procedure, since it is with the help of it that it is possible to establish the place of residence of a particular person, or at least persons who may have contact with this citizen. Registration at the place of residence is a mandatory procedure for everyone, at the same time, if a citizen has nowhere to register, he can register at the place of residence.
For citizens of Russia
Migration registration of Russian citizens does not cause particular difficulties for people, since it takes place partially without their knowledge - the migration service simply collects and digitizes, entering into a single database, data on the registration of a person.
Also, directly at birth, a person receives citizenship of the country, but only in cases where one or both parents are citizens of the country, or a child is born on the territory of Russia. In this case, the newborn is registered as a citizen of Russia.
In order to register in a house or apartment, a citizen of the Russian Federation needs to come to the passport office, having a passport and a document confirming ownership, or the consent of the owner of the apartment or other registered persons for joint registration. In the passport office you will need to fill out an application, you will also have to leave a passport for a week. When all the manipulations are completed, the passport will be returned to the owner.
For foreigners
Migration registration of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation is somewhat more complicated, because in order to obtain registration it is necessary to provide a number of documents, and sometimes look for a place where you can get a permanent or temporary residence permit. If there are no problems with the place of registration, then the migrant must provide the following documents during registration:
- The identity card recognized in Russia (passport of the country where there is citizenship, and recognized by the majority of other countries, or the Russian Federation).
- Confirmation of the possibility of living in the country, for example, a residence permit.
- Passport of the apartment or any other paper confirming the right to reside in the room.
Registration at the place of stay
Registration at the place of stay is necessary in cases of a special increased security regime or if the foreign citizen is in Russia without registration at the place of residence. It is worth noting that registration at the place of stay is performed only in special cases.
For citizens of the Russian Federation
Not all citizens of Russia and not always need such registration. As a rule, registration at the place of stay is necessary for those citizens who do not have a residence permit and want to take advantage of the benefits that the state provides. Or those citizens who need administrative supervision and do not have a residence permit in the city where this supervision is assigned.
But there are exceptions that are introduced temporarily in a particular territory. Such an exception may be an influx of fans, which requires registration at the place of stay of all citizens entering a particular city. In this case, registration is usually carried out entering the city directly at the border of the village, or at bus and train stations, at ports and airports.
For foreign citizens
If a foreign citizen does not have a residence permit in the city where he temporarily or permanently resides, the migration registration of foreign persons requires taking control of the place of stay. To do this, a foreign citizen needs:
- to come to the local migration service;
- show identification document;
- wait for the data to be entered into a single system and receive the tear-off part of the form filled out by the service employees.
The migrant has a week to register at the place of stay. If the time to complete this procedure is delayed, the citizen will be expected to be fined, with repeated violation, the likelihood of deportation from the country increases.
This registration procedure must be repeated every time a foreign citizen changes his place of residence. But only if he really lives in the country.
For those citizens who are forced to change their place of residence due to professional and other features, and in the absence of violations there is a simplified form of transmitting information about their location - by mail. In this case, the citizen must send copies of documents by Russian post to the nearest migration service and receive the tear-off part of the form by post. The cost of such mailings is fixed - 118 rubles.
If the purpose of visiting the Russian Federation is tourism, you need to check in only twice at the border, upon arrival in the country and during departure.
Registration of stateless people
In the modern world, the absence of citizenship as such is possible. The reasons for this may be a whole multitude, because the registration of such persons stands apart. Although the migration registration of foreign citizens is not much different from the registration of "citizens of the world."
First of all, a stateless person needs to be registered in the migration service at the place of his stay and have his identity documents with him. This must be done no later than seven days after arrival at the place of stay.
Also, registration at the place of residence takes place in the presence of a residence permit, documents proving the identity and the right to reside in the room.
Despite the fact that stateless people do not meet so often, they have all the necessary rights, starting with the right to work and ending with the right to acquire real estate and investment. Also, "a citizen of the world" can obtain citizenship of the Russian Federation.
Penalties
In case of non-compliance with the migration legislation of a citizen of the Russian Federation, a stateless citizen and a foreign citizen, penalties are expected. In each case, the punishment is different, ranging from a fine or the appointment of corrective labor to deportation from the country (with the exception of citizens who have Russian citizenship).
The list of possible measures:
- Fine - can be assigned an infinite number of times.
- Correctional work - appointed in cases where the violator has nothing to pay the fine.
- Deportation from the country may be different. In some cases, a person is forbidden to work and live in the country for some time; in other cases, entry into the country is restricted. The duration of such restrictions may vary, from several months to several tens of years, and a life ban on entry into the country is also possible.
If a person who is facing deportation does not have citizenship, they will not send him to his homeland, but to a free zone, for example, an airport, and there he will wait until some state decides to accept a “world citizen”. Or he himself writes to the embassy of the country of interest with a written request to accept him into the country.
Citizenship
The issuance of citizenship is also included in the list of competencies of the migration service.
If a citizen decides to obtain Russian citizenship, he must know that in the Russian Federation it is allowed to have dual citizenship, respectively, it is not necessary to say goodbye to the citizenship of his native country.
The advantage in obtaining citizenship will be:
- Children born in a marriage where one of the spouses has the citizenship of the Russian Federation.
- A man who has married a citizen of the Russian Federation.
- Repatriate.
- Citizen invited by a family with citizenship in the country (family recovery).
- A specialist with rare skills in his field.
- Scientist.
In all other cases, a person must first register with the migration authority and obtain a temporary residence permit, then a residence permit, live in the country for another 5 years and not have any violations that can be entered on the CV of the applicant for citizenship. And only after that a citizen can apply for citizenship in the migration service.
Legislative acts
Migration registration is regulated by various kinds of legislative and normative acts, but the most important among them is Federal Law No. 109.
The federal law for the Russian Federation is actually on the same level as the Constitution, which is why fundamental moments are spelled out in it.
In Federal Law 109 on migration registration, adopted by the State Duma back in 2006, there are 26 articles, each of which prescribes the stages of registering and deregistering a person, the duties of the migration authorities, the deadlines for considering applications, and so on. It is precisely on the Federal Law that one must rely in case of a conflict with the migration service.
In addition to federal laws, you can also focus on government regulations, which can be useful in cases where, for example, it is necessary to notify the migration service by mail. Such a possibility with the establishment of payment is spelled out in the resolution of 01.15.2007 “On the establishment of payment for postal services”.
Migration registration in the Russian Federation is designed in such a way that it is much more convenient for a citizen to register and receive a variety of public services than with horror to expect all kinds of penalties.