Where to hunt for animals? It’s clear with the protected area - you don’t need to meddle there. Where can I hunt for animals officially? If ducks swim in a city park, is the option to come there with a gun and shoot them? Alas, in this case, it is likely that a person will be held accountable. Let even the hooligan. But there will be. After all, you cannot shoot and scare law-abiding citizens in broad daylight. You can drive off and look for prey in the fields. But here, too, have their own characteristics. The best option is specialized land. They created the necessary conditions for the development of living creatures. There are private hunting grounds and common areas. Here's the second focus.
Introductory information
It should be noted that in terms of regulatory support, this is all bad. For example, now there are rather topical issues of the legality of transferring certain territories to private use. Indeed, a lot of such events took place in vain, in violation of the current antitrust laws. But before analyzing all of this, one should turn to regulatory legal acts. Namely, Federal Law No. 209 of July 24, 2009 "On Hunting and the Preservation of Hunting Resources and on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation." According to this Federal Law, the following division is provided:
- Fixed hunting grounds. These include objects that are used by individual entrepreneurs or legal entities on the basis provided for by federal law.
- Public hunting grounds. These include objects on the territory of which individuals have the right to stay freely for the production of animals.
There is one interesting clarification. So, according to the current legislation, generally accessible hunting grounds should occupy at least one fifth of the territory of the subject allocated for the extraction of animals. It also provides for the possibility of changing the pre-regulatory hunting grounds from the option of long-term licenses for hunting agreements.
Controversial issues
The above situation has caused a lot of criticism. For example, in the Voronezh region, the number of generally accessible hunting grounds is only three percent of the total allocated territory. The transfer to hunting relations with licenses leads to the fact that the norm required by law is unlikely to be implemented. After all, such a change does not lead to the appearance and formation of public lands. It turns out that the actually issued licenses will now be perpetual. This causes a fairly significant passions. Now information about this has been submitted to the Constitutional Court in order to somehow influence the situation. Why is this so important? The fact is that, according to the Tax Code, permission to hunt in such common areas costs only 650 rubles. Whereas the assigned territories act on a different principle - the price in them is determined by the tenant. And in such cases, as a rule, the cost is more than ten times.
About the allocation of territories
Many people care about the issue of boundaries. Public hunting grounds often do not have a precisely defined boundary. Although it is important for planning, territorial hunting and conservation of natural resources. An example of good work is the Sakhalin Oblast.They prepared a document that described the physical and geographical data of the territory, the number of hunting resources, the socio-economic characteristics of the subject, as well as an action plan for their rational use. A map was attached to the scheme indicating the land (both public and secured), green areas and so on. In addition, it is separately considered where such a territory can be created in the future. Moreover, an electronic version of the map is available on the official website of the Ministry of Forestry and Hunting of the Sakhalin Region. Therefore, anyone can get acquainted with it and even download it. The Tyumen Oblast has proven itself pretty well. They decided to work through auctions. Mixed feelings are caused by the Ivanovo region. So, all territories that were transferred under license were recognized as public lands. Then, things didn’t go further: a map with borders was not drawn up, auctions were not held. As a result, we had to reap our own mistakes - through the courts we have to cancel many local decisions. Information instructive for officials came from the Tver region. There, due to the failure to comply with federal legislation and through administrative hesitations, the deputy governor Melnikov resigned. And after him is the Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology Protasov.
Implementation of the requirements of the law
Public hunting grounds are created slowly and with a creak. In many subjects there are still no designated territories or they are not present in sufficient numbers. So, this can be said about the Moscow, Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan, Tula, Smolensk, Kaluga and many other areas. By the way, for several years, information was actively discussed that the common hunting areas in Russia are literally absent. And then suddenly the heads of those in charge began to fly. At the same time, the transition period created a number of peculiar situations. For example, money does not go to the state budget due to the fact that the situation is suspended. At the same time, tenants, on the basis of previously concluded licenses, continue to receive money, while almost all of them go to them as net profit. In fact, this situation has led to legalized lawlessness. Without accommodation, use and security schemes, hunting grounds turn into a real stumbling block between various "muddy" individuals with people who want to live according to the law, and not according to concepts. It is very important. After all, the scheme is a document of the territorial structure, which should contribute to the rational use and conservation of natural diversity.
Viewing from different perspectives
Public hunting grounds should be considered not only as a place where you can get animals, but also as a habitat for wild animals. They perform a feed, protective and nest suitable role. In the first case, it all depends on the amount of food available. Protective properties are manifested in how well you can hide from enemies and bad weather. Nestability shows how suitable the territory is for the birth and rearing of young animals. In this regard, a large role is played by the type of hunting ground. It is determined by a set of features that have a certain value for the life of animals and the process of their production. As a rule, habitat conditions are taken into account, mainly fodder and protective ones. This takes into account the composition of birds and animals. In addition, there is no need to discount the wide variety of natural landscapes. The largest unit here is considered a category. On the territory of the Russian Federation there are:
- Tundra.
- Steppe.
- Forest.
- Swamp.
- Water.
- Alpine.
Each of these categories is divided into classes and groups.What are they? Classes are distinguished depending on what biological forms of forest-forming species are in the land. In this case, deciduous, mixed, dark coniferous and light coniferous are isolated. At the same time, forest non-forested areas (felling, dryness and burning) are an independent class. Now about the groups. In this case, typological division is carried out depending on the prevailing tree species: cedar forests, birch forests and pine forests.
What does the participation process look like?
The hunting grounds of the Leningrad Region were selected as an object. You can find a diagram in which clear boundaries are indicated. In this regard, the situation is not bad. True, this scheme, even in 2018, is still not in the “approved” state. At the moment, more than 150 hunting farms are fixed. Their popularity and activity are due to the fact that, despite the difficult climate, the prey of the beast is quite effective. In addition, a large territory has been allocated for hunting. Thanks to coniferous forests with a large number of fur-bearing and ungulate animals, the Leningrad Region has well developed hunting tourism. People come here not only from other regions of the Russian Federation, but also from the neighboring Baltic states. There are also many swamps, rivers and lakes. For example, wild boar hunting is popular. True, such popularity has a number of negative consequences. For example, the same wild boar hunt will cost from 10 to 25 thousand rubles per unit in a private territory. And with public lands, as mentioned above, there are significant problems. Although in some places the cost may be even higher. The size of public areas is not very large. Several small sites are located near St. Petersburg. The rest, large in area, are located in the Podporozhsky and Tikhvin districts. To get permission, you must pay the fee. Although as an alternative option - you can agree on the spot with the duty forester or huntsman. If you are interested in hunting rental, then this option will not work. Everything will have to be solved centrally in the framework of the order established since 2012.
Criticism of public areas
Why is this happening? Why do critics not know peace? The point here is simple - there are problems with protection, biotechnology is not carried out, and there is a risk that poachers will kill the game. But at the same time, the task is to preserve nature for children. This is much more important than holding various world soccer championships and olympiads. Moreover, nature, which helped the formation of our ethnic group, should not only be preserved, but also multiplied. This applies not only to plants, but also to the animal world. That is why it seems like it is not necessary that the lands occupy a large territory.
Correction of the situation
The creation of public hunting grounds is unlikely to lead to the disappearance of living creatures. Despite criticism, there is no one to protect and monitor the increase in natural wealth. Is it so? When hunting in this territory you have to pay money. And not only for the opportunity to hunt, but also in the production of licensed species of animals. And all this money goes to the owner - the state. Therefore, if you think logically, it is on his shoulders that the care for the protection and enhancement of the natural resources that are in public lands should lie on his shoulders. How to use the available features? A likely solution to this situation will be a situation in which public land will become landfills where the system of state management of the hunting economy will be worked out. The jaeger service could take on the responsibility for protecting the territory. Hunters will be able to draw up plans for the relevant work. For this, you can attract not only specialists, but also everyone who wants to get game. Of course, it will require empowerment of state coercion, uniforms, communications, transport and service weapons.But before tackling this, it is necessary to establish the boundaries of hunting grounds throughout the country and approve them with the decisions of authorized structures.
Continued thoughts on development
How to finance events? As an experiment, you can create some kind of structure, for example, the All-Russian Fund for the Advancement of Wildlife on the Territory of Publicly Available Hunting Areas. Financing will be provided through payments by nature users. If desired, you can find many sources of income. For example, book tours, escort of experienced shooters. For this purpose, you can create forestry and carry out the required work on the arrangement and conservation of existing natural resources. In this case, it is necessary to take care of the existence of a rigid vertical of power. This is necessary so that local bureaucrats do not establish their rules and regulations, ruining a good idea in the bud. It is desirable that this be a federal structure with direct subordination to the government. There you can identify not only foresters, fish conservation and similar structures, but also scientific institutions. This will allow you to make complex rational decisions. For example, it was decided to cut down a piece of forest. But on it is the current grouse. Or a road is planned. In such cases, it is necessary to carefully study all factors and derive competent, scientifically sound decisions. It should be possible to compensate for damage caused to nature. And only taking into account numerous factors will a hunting permit be made or a decision to suspend it for population growth.
Conclusion
As you can see, until the settlement of the situation in the field of hunting for a long time. To start at least with a full reduction of the regulatory framework both at the federal level and in the field. Indeed, unaccepted map schemes and many other points to this day do not allow you to calmly enjoy the hunting process. There are complaints about the designations used, and the speed of work, and the implementation of laws in full. Moreover, after a rather substantial period of validity of the law, voices are heard more and more often to abolish the practice of securing hunting grounds. As an argument, those facts are used that hunting users often get money from ordinary people and from the state. At the same time, money is not invested in the development of the economy, which entails the depletion of natural resources.