Techniques and methods of psychological impact on people - this is the main part of practical psychology. Thanks to this, every day science opens, studies, verifies, generalizes and suggests the use of psychological methods of influencing people on each other in their lives. This may be the family, production, labor and social sphere. All people, when they communicate with each other, influence each other, either intentionally or not specifically, and at the same time use certain mechanisms in practice.
What are the techniques and methods of influencing a person?
Among the main ones, we highlight the following:
- infection;
- suggestion;
- conviction;
- compulsion;
- imitation;
- promotion.
The oldest of these is the infection mechanism. It is a transfer of emotional-psychological mood from one to another (laughter, panic). The effect of infection to a large extent depends on the intensity of the emotional state of the affected person.
Suggestion: characteristic of the method
Suggestion is the basis of the appeal to the emotional-unconscious sphere of man. It has a verbal character, which means it is carried out using words.
The information that is intended for suggestion should be very short, but having the maximum meaning and saturation. And also use the moment of expression so that a person instantly believes in what he is told. In addition, the acting person should not be in an emotional trance, but must be in sound mind, feel confident, since the credibility of the source of information is the basis of suggestion. If the person acting (suggesting) does not have authority for the perceiver (suggestible), then the session will not end successfully.
It is important to remember that the effectiveness of suggestion may depend on the intonation of a person’s voice. It should show confidence, authority and importance of words.
Methods of persuasion: the influence of external factors on a person
Every day we are faced with persuasion. For example, food producers want us to buy their butter and cheese, and film studios to attend their movie premieres in movie theaters.
Since methods of persuasion are the main component of our life, often we cannot always notice how they came under their influence and the influence of external factors. This science has been studied since ancient times, its ultimate goal was to make another person calmly learn a certain argument and accept a new judgment of the elements of his worldview system.
What are the main methods of persuasion and how effective are they?
Below are some highly effective persuasion techniques. In addition to them are also used: encouragement, punishment, positive or negative experience, appeal to the moral qualities of a person.
The methods of persuasion include the following types:
- Instruction. When the person being convinced is positive about the person who is persuading (if he has authority), he instructs the listeners, convinces them to behave in a specific, necessary way. In the form of instruction, the director gives direct recommendations to his subordinates: “Do it as follows, and we will achieve such and such results.”
- Teams and orders. These methods are resorted to very often if there is credibility in front of the audience. The main thing is that orders are carried out. But for success, the persuader should not criticize the tasks. For example, at the request of parents or grandmother to collect toys, the baby will react differently if the mother is strict with him, and the grandmother is gentle.
- Tip. When there is trust, closeness, understanding between people.Of course, you need to give advice correctly, and do it so as not to offend a loved one.
- Hint. This type of impact is indirect, since the information is not reported directly, but in the form of a half-joke or comparison. For the most part, the hint is not aimed at a person’s thinking, but rather toward his emotional state. It is best used when a person is in a playful, high spirits.
- Indirect approval. This technique can be used when the person as a whole acts correctly. The main goal is not to let you turn off the right path. But why is approval indirect? If a person is told everything directly and in plain text, it will be like flattery and can scare it off. It is absolutely inappropriate to look a person directly in the eye and say: “Well done! Thus, you will achieve the desired. " It is better to use a convincing phrase. For example: "Such an approach, as a rule, gives excellent results."
- Placebo. This effect has long been known to medicine. As a rule, the doctor gives the patient, instead of a serious medicine, the usual ascorbic acid and says that this is a new generation drug, and it will help against all ills. The patient believes in a good treatment outcome and is thus healed. You can also use this technique to convince the interlocutor that he will succeed. For example, give the child a talisman and say that while he is keeping it, he will be able to achieve everything he dreams about. True, if he makes an effort. And then you see, the child will certainly succeed.
All these techniques are known to everyone, there is nothing amazing in them, the main thing is to use them correctly, and then success is guaranteed. There are psychological methods of persuasion, the main purpose of which is to influence the human consciousness and the reception of your point of view.
Psychological tricks
The persuasion method, examples of which are presented in the article, is widely used by psychologists. Let's analyze their main tricks:
- Fundamental. Direct speech to the interlocutor, who is openly acquainted with the necessary information, which serves as the basis for evidence of the truth.
- Contradictions. Identification of inconsistencies in the arguments of the convinced and a thorough check of personal arguments for consistency in order to prevent a counterattack.
- Extracting conclusions. Arguments are not disclosed immediately, but gradually. Seeking consent at every step.
- Pieces. The arguments of the convinced are divided into strong, medium, weak. The former are generally not concerned, the latter's main goal.
- Emphasis. Underlining certain points in the arguments given by the interlocutor (“you say it yourself”).
- Ignoring It is used if the fact cited by the interlocutor cannot be refuted.
- Two-way argumentation. For credibility, they speak first about the advantages, and then about the disadvantages of the proposed method for solving this issue.
- Boomerang method. The interlocutor is returned with his own arguments, but directed in the other direction. The arguments for are turned into arguments against.
About coercion
Methods of persuasion and coercion require their proper use in the interlocutor. These two methods cannot be taken apart from each other, there is a dialectical connection between them, a unified character objectivity, and their use is determined by the level of development of relations in society.
The technique of coercion is a method of influence that has two factors: moral - psychological and physical. It is essentially similar to belief. Indeed, in both the main task of the facilitator is for the interlocutor to start thinking like him. As when using the method of persuasion, in coercion, a person first substantiates his immediate point of view, resorting to various proofs. Therefore, they are considered to be the main ways of psychological impact on their interlocutor.
The act of persuasion is almost one of the most difficult and requires certain rules.The main place in this process is the argumentation of the position and the desire to make it so that other people accept it. Methods of coercion and persuasion are designed to force the interlocutor to do what you need.
About Promotion
It becomes definitely clear what persuasion methods are aimed at. Methods of encouragement - are they a psychological impact on a person? The technique of this method is aimed at stimulating and consolidating the positive behavior of the educated. But it is important to remember that promotion should not turn into boasting, as this will inhibit the desire for action. This is especially necessary for children of preschool, school and adolescence.
Psychologist O. Zaporozhets, having studied this method, came to the conclusion that encouragement and praise from teachers and relatives have a good effect on the children’s activities. This effect includes two stages. On the first - praise will act as a direct positive reinforcement of activities. On the second - direct gain will gain an internal, subconscious motivation for further actions. To turn to this method, it is necessary to consider objectivity and justice. Also, do not forget about the age and individual characteristics of the pupil. The practice of encouraging a person with material means in the family often leads to big problems.
Promotion Requirements
The following points should be noted:
- It is necessary to encourage the actions of the child, which are an example for others.
- With this method, you need to take into account age and personal characteristics.
- Promotion is effective only from reputable individuals or microsocium.
- You can not apply the method in relation to the same children.
In this principle, the main thing is that children or employees feel proud and satisfied for good results at work or school.
The ratio of persuasion and suggestion
Methods of suggestion and belief - what is the relationship between them? Sometimes it seems that in both cases the imposition of another's thoughts or feelings on a person occurs. Is there a difference between the two methods and what is it?
Belief is an element of a person’s worldview that encourages him to act in a specific way (for example, not to agree to intimacy on a first date, because good girls behave this way). To influence a person in this case means to transfer the worldview to another person (to convince a friend that there is no sex on a date, because it is so right). Suggestion does not affect the human frame of reference. Let's consider it in more detail.
The subtleties of the method of suggestion
Suggestion is another process, it is primarily an aggressive psychological impact. Bypassing the person’s consciousness and critical thinking, they confidently impose an attitude that must be accepted. This process goes through the subconscious. The suggested person blindly absorbs information. This can occur through hypnosis, pressure, or emotional-volitional manifestation. Many believe that it is possible to inspire a person with something even mentally.