Features of labor protection of women and youth

Russian labor legislation can rightfully be included in the list of the most humane in the world. Among other things, it sets unequal labor standards for different groups of citizens. And this is quite fair. You cannot demand the same return from a 30-year-old man, a pregnant woman, or a 17-year-old teenager. All of these citizens have the right to work, but the employer must take into account their real capabilities. We will talk about the specifics of labor protection for women and adolescents and youth further.

Regulatory acts

Let's start with the letter of the law, on which all of the following will be based. So, with the features of labor protection of women and youth we are acquainted with the following acts:

• Government Decision No. 105 (adopted in 1996).
• SanPiN 2.2.0.555-96. These are prescriptions for the conditions of female labor.
• SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03. Standards for the employment of a pregnant woman.
• Government Decision No. 162 (adopted in 2000). The Act establishes a list of specialties, industries where female labor is prohibited.
• Government Decision No. 163 (adopted in 200). Approves the list of areas of activity, specialties where the work of minors is prohibited.
• Decree of the Ministry of Labor No. 7. It establishes norms for the weight of goods that workers can move up to 18 years.
• TK, Art. 253. Prohibition of female labor in certain working conditions.
• TK, Art. 254, 259, 298. Working conditions of a pregnant woman.
• Resolution of the Armed Forces of the RSFSR (adopted in 1990). Restriction on attracting women to certain types of agricultural work.
• Hygienic requirements for a female workplace (adopted in 1996).

Exercise restriction

One of the important features of women's labor protection is the prohibition of work related to the movement and lifting of goods that exceed the norms established by law. Specific values ​​are set.

Decree No. 105 contains the following limits for the movement and lifting of goods:

• Constantly throughout the working day - 7 kg.
• When alternating with other labor (lifting loads - at least 2 times in 60 minutes) - 10 kg.

The limit values ​​of the dynamic work that takes place during the hour of the shift are also established:

• From the floor - 875 kgm.
• From the surface of the stand - 1750 kgm.

Note that the mass of the lifted, transported cargo must necessarily include the weight of the package, other containers.

When moving objects in containers, carts, the maximum force is limited to 10 kg.

Restrictions on working conditions

The specifics of women's labor protection in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation is the prohibition of attracting women workers to employment in underground mines, as well as to activities in dangerous, harmful conditions. Exceptions are sanitary services, non-physical work in these cases.

The basis of the features of women's labor protection is also a number of conditions for their work in rural areas. For example:

• The ban on training, attracting women to work as a truck driver, tractor driver.
• Workers under 35 years old should not be involved in labor activities associated with pesticides, disinfectants, pesticides.
• Pregnant women are forbidden to work in the areas of crop production and animal husbandry.

If we look at the peculiarities of labor protection for women in kindergarten, here, as elsewhere, the ability of a worker to physical activity is taken into account. Legislation also seeks to minimize the negative impact of work on reproductive function.

It is also important to remember that in our country in 1996 hygienic requirements for the organization of a workplace for women were introduced.They set the air temperature that is optimal for work, load standards, employment conditions for pregnant women workers, etc.

Specialty Restrictions

A woman cannot work in Russia as a carpenter, an installer of mining equipment, or a plumber. The full list is in Government Decision No. 162. However, there are exceptions - a woman’s admission to such work is legal when:

• The positive verdict of the territorial branch of Rospotrebnadzor.
• A positive decision of the state examination of employment conditions.
• Confirmation of harmlessness, safety of work with a special assessment.

Exercise restrictions for pregnant women

Features of labor protection of women working during pregnancy are the following restrictions on physical activity:

• Moving, lifting goods constantly during the shift - 1.75 kg.
• Moving, lifting weights alternately with other activities (but at least 2 times in 60 minutes) - 2.5 kg.
• The total mass of goods that a pregnant woman moves within an hour (including from the working surface) to distances of up to 5 meters is 60 kg.
• The total weight of the weights carried by the employee for an 8-hour working day is not more than 480 kg.

Organization of labor of a pregnant woman

Speaking about the peculiarities of labor protection for women and minors, it is important to highlight the protection of the legislation of pregnant workers. So, a woman in a position cannot be involved in work in the field of animal husbandry, plant growing. Forbidden for her flying, dispatching activities. Therefore, pregnant women today do not work as flight attendants.

It is important to note that the norms of SanPiN restrict the employment of a worker in a computer position or completely prohibit such activities for her. The maximum working time with a PC is 3 hours.

Sanitary regulations also exclude the admission of a pregnant worker to similar work:

• with pathogens of infections;
• with infrared radiation;
• lifting objects from the floor, above the shoulder girdle of a person;
• stay in the draft, wet shoes, clothes.

Protection of pregnant women and mothers with children

The legislation additionally protects workers who are at the stage of pregnancy or already have children. Let us briefly list the specifics of women's labor protection in this vein:

• On the basis of a medical report for pregnant workers, the service rate and production rates should be reduced. Alternatively, a woman can be transferred to easier employment, which eliminates the impact of negative working conditions on her. The average earnings of the employee is maintained.
• Concerning pregnant women it is forbidden: overtime work, business trips, work at night, on a rotational basis, as well as on holidays and weekends.
• An employee with a child, children under 1.5 years of age, in the absence of the ability to fulfill her previous labor duties, can be transferred (at her own request) to another type of work while maintaining her previous salary. Until the son or daughter reaches one and a half years.
• Workers with a child, children under 1.5 years old must be provided with additional breaks for feeding. They enter her business hours.
• If a woman has children under 3 years old, sending her on business trips, engaging in overtime work, work at night, weekends and holidays is allowed only with the written consent of the employee.
• A woman is allowed to take additional days of rest, extracurricular leave, but without saving salary (at her own expense).
• An employer is forbidden to refuse employment or to reduce payment to a woman due to pregnancy and motherhood.
• You can not dismiss a pregnant worker, a woman with a child, children under three years of age on the initiative of the employer. This prohibition also applies to single mothers with a child, children under 14 years old (with a disabled child under 16 years old).

Juvenile labor

We continue the discussion about the specifics of labor protection for women and youth.Let's move on to workers whose age is less than 18 years:

• The signing of an employment agreement is only possible with a citizen over 16 years old.
• If a teenager has already received basic general school education or left a college, technical school with all observance of legislative requirements, then after reaching 15 years it is also possible to draw up an employment contract or contract with him.
• In order to prepare a young man, a girl for future production work, students are allowed to work, but only if they are involved in easy employment, which does not harm health and does not interfere with the educational process (during a time free from studies). This necessarily requires the consent of the parents or legal guardians.
• Activities of children under 14 years old are allowed in creative organizations (theaters, concert halls, cinemas, etc.), but only with the written consent of the parent, adoptive parent or guardian.
• The labor protection features of women and youth are equalized in the rights of an adult worker and an adolescent worker. The latter is provided with additional benefits.
• Persons under the age of 18 cannot be involved in employment that in any way harms their moral development. Namely: in nightclubs and cabarets, gambling, production, delivery, distribution of tobacco products, alcohol, drugs and toxic drugs.

Exercise restriction for girls

Features of labor protection for women and minors, concluded in the Decree No. 7 of the Ministry of Labor, is more convenient to present in the form of tables. These are the norms of cargo volumes moved by teenagers.

Let's move on to the stronger sex.

Exercise Limit for Guys

And now briefly about the specifics of labor protection for women and youth regarding young men.

These standards were adopted by the Ministry of Labor in 1999.

Employment conditions for minors

And also important features of labor protection for women and workers under 18 years of age. These are the requirements regarding the employment of minors:

• Persons under 18 years of age are accepted for work only after a medical examination. In addition, young people must undergo a medical examination every year of their work experience. Compulsory examination by doctors is paid at the same time by the employer.
• Young workers should not be sent on business trips, to be involved in work on weekends, holidays, as well as to work after school hours, night hours. Exceptions are for professional young artists and athletes.
• Minors are granted leave no less than 31 calendar days annually. Moreover, the employee himself has the right to choose a suitable period for him.
• It is possible to hire people who have only graduated from primary, secondary and higher professional educational institutions. The practice of concluding agreements on the training of specialists between colleges, universities, technical schools and employers is also practiced.
• Termination of the employment contract with the teenager at the initiative of the employer (except for cases suitable for the general grounds for dismissal) is allowed only with the approval of the State Labor Inspectorate of the Russian Federation, as well as the city, district commission for minors.

Russian labor law, as we see, protects women and minors from excessive, harmful loads.Separately, it protects pregnant workers, mothers with young children.