A bank account is such accounting documents (registers) in which the presence and movement of customers' funds are recorded. When opening an account, the bank, according to the agreement, is obliged to accept cash payments received to the client, as well as to execute his orders on various transfers, issuance of certain amounts and other operations prescribed by the agreement. The client opens bank accounts by agreement in order to make cashless payments, store and transfer funds, and receive loans. What is an account service? We will understand this article.
Invoice difference
It is necessary to distinguish between the internal accounts of credit institutions used in accounting and bank accounts. Their difference lies in the fact that a bank account is opened on the basis of an application and a contract of a credit organization and a client. He comes at the disposal of the latter. According to this account, operations are carried out in accordance with his orders. It also closes at the request of the client. Internal bank accounts are provided for by the Chart of Accounts in credit organizations, which the latter directly manage. Their need is that they are used for financial analysis of accounting and all kinds of banking operations of a credit institution. IP account service is offered at many banks.
Operations without opening an account
Banking law also provides for transactions that are possible without opening an account. For example, individuals can make money transfers (excluding postal) with the help of a bank and not open a special account in this case. But this is an exception to the rule. Account maintenance is not very expensive, but it greatly facilitates business activities.
The norm, fixed in the second part of Article No. 5 of the Federal Law “On Banks and Banking Activities”, states that credit organizations open bank accounts for legal entities and individual entrepreneurs (except for local governments and state authorities), based on certificates of state registration of physical persons as individual entrepreneurs, legal entities, also that they are registered with the tax service.
How is the bank account serviced?
Types of accounts
The following types of bank accounts are distinguished:
- current;
- budgetary;
- settlement;
- correspondent;
- correspondent subaccounts;
- special banking;
- trust management;
- escrow for courts or bailiffs, law enforcement agencies, notaries;
- deposit accounts.
The most widely used are current and settlement accounts, with the help of which it is possible to carry out cashless payments.
Settlement accounts are used by all organizations, regardless of ownership, built on commercial principles and registered as a legal entity. Account maintenance is a fairly simple process.
Anyone who owns a current account can manage the funds on it, has its own balance sheet, independently pays all payments and enters into a credit relationship with the bank, that is, the account holder is independent economically and legally.
In our country, the company received permission to open different accounts in several banks in the first years of market reform.In the Soviet period, an enterprise could have only one bank account in a single bank. The presence of multiple accounts in several banks is normal for a market economy and even necessary, since the banking system in particular and the economy as a whole benefit from this, while individual commercial banks that previously comprehensively served the client suffer losses.
A large number of accounts, which has no restrictions, is regarded as a way to overcome the monopoly of banks. In addition, there is a decrease in the subordination of an economic entity to the bank, competition relations between banks are stimulated, and the characteristics of settlement and cash services are being improved.
The ability to have a large number of settlement accounts enables the company to maneuver its financial resources, choose the most profitable banks in which opening and maintaining accounts costs less, and reduce risks in case the bank loses liquidity (if the latter has frozen an account).
The consequence of this innovation was that financial and cash control over credit organizations was significantly complicated, since the company, with several accounts in different banks, has the same number of cash balance limits and other cash regulations. Despite the recommendation of the monetary authorities to commercial banks to coordinate cash norms with each other, in reality it turns out to be very difficult, since the account and information about it are confidential.
Current accounts can be opened by organizations that are not engaged in commercial activities and are not public, legal entities or institutions whose funding comes from the budget.
There are restrictions on the independence of the owner of the current account compared to those who have a current account. The first can manage the money only in strict accordance with the estimate, which is approved by the parent organization. The list of available operations is established at the moment the account is opened. Cashless payments form a cashless turnover, reflected in current, settlement and other accounts.
Documents
To open a bank account in the bank, you need to provide the following documents:
- statement of established form;
- copy of a notarized constituent agreement on the establishment of an organization;
- a notarized copy of the charter confirming the authority of the director of the organization;
- document confirming the authority of the chief accountant of this organization;
- two cards with a print of the seal and images of signatures of the first officials, also notarized;
- certificate confirming the registration of the organization with the tax office.
Bank Responsibilities
An agreement is concluded between the bank and the organization on the opening and maintenance of a current account, where the obligations of the client and the bank are reflected. The Bank's responsibilities include the following:
- conducting timely full settlement and cash services in accordance with current regulatory documents;
- ensuring the safety of funds received in the accounts, returning them to the client upon request, maintaining confidentiality of information about the activities of the client;
- maintaining trade secrets on all operations performed by the client.
Customer Responsibilities
The client must:
- Strictly comply with the requirements of all regulatory acts that govern the implementation of cash and settlement transactions;
- keep all your funds only in the account;
- give the bank at a certain time statistical and accounting reports and other necessary documents;
- in writing, notify the bank in advance of the closure of the account and the change of organization form.
The account holder as a taxpayer must within ten days inform in writing to the tax organization at the place of registration information about opening / closing the account.
For example, in Sberbank, servicing a current account is inexpensive.
Features of cash management services
Settlement and cash services, which includes opening and maintaining accounts of legal entities in a bank, is a very profitable and important activity. This is primarily due to the fact that these procedures, coupled with conducting various operations that contribute to attracting financial resources of legal entities and placing them on behalf of the bank, are the criterion by which the bank differs from another credit institution.
By involving legal entities in servicing a bank account, you can establish business relations with them in such a way that after some time they can develop into closer forms of interaction: providing bank guarantees, lending, factoring, leasing, trust, etc. Built In this way, relations become very strong, because the client and the bank trust each other and have complete information about the opposite side, which means they become partners with mutual interests and mutual benefits. Serving an account at Sberbank attracts many.
RKO also benefits banks because it supports an increase in their resources. The remaining funds from customer bank accounts generated with this type of service are borrowed funds provided by the bank in the form of demand deposits. Moreover, the method of obtaining them is cheaper and simpler, the weekly receipt of such funds from sources of a different type: deposits, deposits, interbank loans, debt securities, etc.
In addition, the funds received by the bank allow it to ensure its liquidity, i.e., fulfillment of obligations in accordance with the terms.
How exactly does the current account maintenance work for an individual entrepreneur?
Theoretical Base
All transactions involving the supply of any material goods and the provision of various kinds of services end with cash settlements between the supplier and the buyer. To conduct non-cash payments, legal entities engaged in commercial activities, as well as individuals with private practice and individual entrepreneurs, must open a current account. Moreover, an organization may have several accounts in various banks.
The opening and maintenance of an IP account in a bank is carried out only upon submission to the bank of the required documents, as well as after the identification of the client and conclusion of an agreement with him. Under this agreement, the bank assumes obligations to receive and credit funds received to its account opened by the owner, to fulfill customer instructions on transfers and to issue the required amounts, and to conduct other operations on it. At the end of opening a current account, a corresponding entry is made in the book of registration of accounts no later than within the next business day after the conclusion of the agreement. The bank account service agreement must be strictly observed.
Calculations are performed by banks in accordance with the forms, rules and standards established by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. If there are no such rules, then by mutual agreement. Regardless of this, banks must make deposits and transfers of funds of the owner from his account or to him no later than the business day following the receipt of the required payment document, unless other requirements are provided for at the legislative level, in the bank account agreement or in the payment document itself. The funds are debited from the account after receiving the corresponding order of its owner or at the request of third parties as a result of a court decision.
Bank Responsibility
If funds are debited / credited late or incorrectly, the bank is obliged to pay interest on the amount of these funds in the manner and amount that is provided for in article 395 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
Usually, the bank, taking into account banking rules and legal requirements, creates standard forms of an agreement on opening a bank account, under the terms of which the IP account is serviced. After that, the client either accepts the terms in full, or, in case of disagreement with at least one clause, may refuse to conclude such an agreement.
The specificity of the bank account agreement is also manifested in the fact that the parties, due to the extreme diversity and complexity of relations, their rather detailed elaboration in banking rules and laws, do not determine in detail the mutual obligations and rights, but only give their consent to the established conditions.
Who is regulated?
RKO regulates the law “On Banks and Banking” by the regulatory framework of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, including the Regulation on non-cash payments adopted in our country, the Civil Code, the Regulation governing the execution of cash transactions in various credit organizations, as well as other regulatory documents. Also, an agreement on the provision of cash management services for an account must be concluded between the bank and the client.
CSC services
The following basic services are included in RKO:
- Cash settlements, i.e. cash services.
- Cashless transactions.
- Providing account statements of all transactions performed.
Currency accounts
It is also appropriate to recall that settlement and cash services most often imply an objective possibility of opening and using not only a ruble account, but also a currency one. In addition to the above basic services, banks may also include additions to the cash settlement services. These include, for example, collection services, conducting operations on accounts through a system that provides remote access. RKO is a bank service with which it can earn money. It is worth noting that basic services are usually or generally free, or low fees are charged for them. For collateral services, the bank takes payment in the form of interest payments or as a monthly service cost.
Tariffs RKO PJSC "Sberbank"
Sberbank offers its customers favorable terms of cooperation. Below are the rates for settlement and cash services for entrepreneurs:
- Opening an account - 3000 rubles.
- Account management - 1700 rubles.
- Transfer of funds - 11 rubles. to Sberbank, 32 rubles. to other banks.
- Transferring funds to the budget is free of charge.
- Cash withdrawal from the account - 1.4% of the amount, at least 250 rubles.
The bank has several tariff plans - Minimum, Basis +, Asset +, Optima +, Salary, Trading, and others. The limits on operations depend on this. The cost of the service package also varies. You can pay six months in advance, then it turns out more profitable.
We examined how the servicing of accounts of legal entities is carried out.