The state is created for the citizen, the citizen for the state. This axiom applies to all guarantees and rights adopted in the country, rights, obligations and obligations. This is a complex that defines the almost imperceptible, but very strong connection of each citizen with his Fatherland or state - as you like. A system that includes the main features of citizenship is a feature and factor of these relations. What are the signs of Russian citizenship? How are they made out and how are they supported?
The concept and signs of citizenship of the Russian Federation
In countries with a monarchical system, citizens are subjects. Of course, rights in citizenship are no less than in citizenship, the main difference between these forms of government in features.
The concept of citizenship is capacious and unambiguous. This is a legal connection between a person and the state in which he lives, having a system of mutual rights and obligations. It is based on their implementation and provides the citizen with a reciprocal set of advantages and freedoms.
In Russian state studies, the population was defined as “citizens” in 1917. In November of that year, a special decree was issued that proclaimed the abolition of estates and civilian ranks. The text of the decree introduced the definition of “citizen of the Russian Republic”. We will not delve into history; we will consider the concept and signs of citizenship in modern Russia.
The legal relationship after the 90s was described in the Law on Citizenship in 1991. The document was constantly supplemented and transformed in formulations, until in 2002 it was completely replaced. However, even after he was edited, however, they concerned only articles on migrants.
Citizenship is the relationship between the state and an individual in the legal justification of their relationship. That is, this is not primarily the mental affiliation of a person to the Fatherland, but legal relations. It is in this area, and taking into account legal norms, that the basic signs of citizenship are formed.
Some confuse the signs and principles of citizenship. There is a difference:
- signs of citizenship are its characteristics;
- principles of citizenship are his ideas.
Not only fact
The relationship between the citizen and the state is legally framed, which guarantees the permanence of these relations and the observance of mutual obligations. The first document we receive as citizens is a birth certificate. After 14 years of age, young Russians are issued a passport. They are used to perceiving it only as the main identity document. This, of course, is important within the country and abroad, but, in general, the passport speaks of our belonging to the Russian Federation. That is why without a passport of a citizen of Russia, no other document can be issued for the organization of international relations: visa, passport, etc.
Federal nature of citizenship
Russia is a multi-subject state. And some republics indicate republican citizenship. However, the Russian Constitution makes no distinction, speaking only of all-Russian citizenship. And this sign of unity is valid outside the Russian Federation. That is, Kalmyk, a resident of Tuva or the Volgograd region abroad - is a Russian and only.
However, let’s see how belonging to a certain republic fits into the all-Russian citizenship:
- The constitutions of the republics of Bashkortostan and Karelia identify the status of a citizen of the republic and Russia.
- Buryatia, Dagestan, Komi, North Ossetia and Tuva all-Russian citizenship and republican in their constitutions are fixed by the formula "at the same time".
- In the Constitutions of Ingushetia and Yakutia, the citizens of the republic are Russians.
Limitless and forever
Signs of citizenship of the Russian Federation consolidate the status of citizenship in the country and abroad. And this status has no expiration date and restrictions. What does it mean? A person may marry a foreigner or not reside permanently in Russia, but this will not become an excuse for depriving him of citizenship. For example, many people who live and work abroad create families there and do not plan to return to Russia, while they do not refuse a Russian passport. There is a peculiarity in this: relations of citizenship are not defined in space. Also, foreigners, stateless persons live in Russia, but their mere presence on the territory of the Russian Federation does not make them Russians, no matter how much they are here. This concept refers to the definition of a population category, and does not have a legal plane, but characterizes the democratic system of the state.
Based on this, migrants to other countries are not deprived of Russian citizenship.
Citizenship can be acquired or given at birth, it can not stop arbitrarily. In addition, a way out of this connection with the state, that is, renunciation of citizenship, is possible only by decree of the President of the Russian Federation.
Political connection
Signs of citizenship of the Russian Federation are signs of a sovereign state. The status does not depend on the grounds for acquiring a Russian passport. This differs from other countries, which forms the opinion of the dishonest rhetoric of their rulers about the values of democracy. For example, there are restrictions in the United States, where they distinguish between the rights of “indigenous” citizens and “acquired”. The category of “non-citizens” has been introduced in Latvia, which is enshrined in legislative acts and obliges to obtain a special passport of a non-citizen. These people are limited in democratic rights. Baltic Apartheid also works in Estonia.
In Russia, one of the principles of citizenship is not to make differences in status. That is, people born in modern Russia, citizens of the former USSR and who have accepted or restored Russian citizenship find themselves with the same civil rights.
Another factor of democratization
A citizen of Russia may be simultaneously a citizen of another country, while maintaining his rights as a Russian. His relations with the state will also be controlled and guaranteed by Russian law. Or international agreements. If the situation requires Russian intervention to protect the interests of its citizen and his patronage outside the country, the state will do so. This is one of the sides of the relationship between a person and the state - the organization of protection on the basis of legally registered rights and obligations.
Citizenship Law on Soil Law
This bill was submitted to the State Duma in March. Authors: Deputies Konstantin Zatulin and Natalya Poklonskaya. The proposal is still under discussion. What is the essence of this bill and why is it needed when the procedure for obtaining citizenship for those born in the Soviet Union and those who want to become Russians is already simplified?
According to Poklonskaya and Zatulin, this simplification needs to be expanded for all people who live in the territory that is part of the borders of the former Russian Empire. According to the bill, any foreigner born on the territory of the Soviet Union or the Russian Empire can become a Russian citizen under the “law of the soil”. In addition to territorial affiliation, the candidate must be a native speaker of the Russian language.
Consideration of the bill was delayed, and the Kremlin did not determine its position in relation to such an idea of the deputies.
Society reaction
The public opinion is interesting: the positions were divided. Some believe that if the law is passed, millions of Soviet citizens will become Russians. Others do not want simplification, especially since the procedure is already not "draconian", not materially expensive, but that it will have to wait - such a system operates in all countries.Anyone who really and deliberately wants to become a citizen of Russia will patiently fulfill all the conditions and receive a Russian passport. There is another opinion: the deputies “lobby” the Ukrainians, and therefore, if the law enters into force, it is necessary to carefully check each person for contact with nationalist and terrorist organizations. According to the population, the State Duma should do more useful things and more often consult with people.
In general, there is an incomprehensible craftiness in the bill regarding part of the benefits that residents of the republics of the former USSR will receive. The presidential amendments to the law "On Citizenship" had previously been adopted and introduced by deputies. The amendments concerned the simplification of the procedure for obtaining Russian citizenship by citizens of the former Soviet Union. Why did the authors of the bill on "soil law" need to duplicate the provisions already approved by the State Duma? Konstantin Zatulin is a member of the Committee on CIS Affairs and Relations with Compatriots, and he could not know about simplification. The motives of Poklonnaya society are more obvious: its monarchical views are wider than presidential amendments on citizenship. Only the deputy’s expectations that the Poles and Finns will rush for a Russian passport are considered in vain by people, as is the need for such citizens for the Russian society.