As it should be for one of the strongest states in the world, the Russian Federation has a solid line of power structures - a large army, navy, FSB and other organizations. But with all their power, technical equipment and highly qualified specialists, only the Ministry of Emergency Situations is constantly forced to meet a natural and man-made enemy in any part of the vast territory of our country.
And not conditional or potential, as in exercises, but no matter what is real, threatening mortal danger to the general population and to the employees themselves. Inadequately qualified activity in this case will not result in completely bad judges' estimates, but in loss of life and large material losses. That is why the forces and means of emergency response are constantly struggling with numerous dangers and cataclysms at the highest level.
Formation
The history of the Russian state was almost always accompanied by severe natural disasters, natural and man-made tragedies, disasters, as well as serious incidents that occur during local and major wars and incidents. This was facilitated by the vast territory of the country, a variety of natural conditions and the longest state border.
The formation of the beginnings of some power structures of the Ministry of Emergencies began in the Middle Ages. The forces and means of emergency response did not appear at lightning speed. A few centuries later, already in the Soviet era, the number of such bodies grew rapidly, given the expansion of the range of tasks. Chemical, atomic, bacteriological and other anthropogenic problems arose along with fires, floods, military conflicts.
The last step remained - to unite all these numerous structures within the framework of one state association for a more effective solution of pressing problems. 27.XII-1990, by Order No. 606, the Russian Rescue Corps was created at the level of the State Committee of Russia.
The publication date of this legal document became the starting point of the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation. A few more years passed, and after going through a series of reforms, this structure in 1994 received the official status of the federal ministry.
Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation
Now the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation is the leading structure whose tasks include the management and coordination of actions in the field of civil defense, the prevention of natural and man-made disasters, ensuring fire safety, and also coordinating the work of other federal executive structures in this area.
Based on the composition and tasks of the Ministry of Emergencies, the ministry’s structure is being formed, which includes the law enforcement agencies, from rescue organizations to militarized and non-militarized fire and other structures of different levels. They are adjoined by various medical institutions, hydrometeorology bodies and environmental monitoring services, as well as civil defense organizations and volunteers.
Together, these structures are ready to meet and are encountering natural and man-made disasters of any nature and level.
Search and Rescue Service
Of the structures existing in the ministry, the search and rescue service (PSS) is of great importance. In Russia, it has a complex ramified system of territorial and departmental bodies.
The search and rescue service of the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation implements its activities under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, as well as in coordination with the steadily operating management bodies under the leading structures of the constituent entities of our country. PSS contacts other executive bodies. MSS bodies are specifically aimed at solving problems in the field of protecting Russians and the country's territory, and are part of a single structure in this area (RSHS).
Emergency rescue service
Emergency Rescue Service (ACS) is a complex of management bodies, highly qualified employees and modern technical modifications and devices aimed at solving problems in the prevention and elimination of emergency situations. All these components are included in the general complex, the base of which is formed by emergency rescue organizations.
ACC is an autonomous or located in the series of emergency rescue services system designed for emergency rescue operations. The ACU base is comprised of rescue agencies equipped with special equipment, machinery, equipment, tools and materials.
Medical structure of the Ministry of Emergencies
The specifics of the work of the Ministry of Emergencies requires the mandatory presence of physicians both for the needs of the population and for the rescuers themselves (of course, this is mainly about the population). The Disaster Medicine Service is a specialized structure whose tasks are the organization of medical care for victims of emergencies.
In such circumstances, a difficult situation often arises “one doctor - a large number of patients”, which requires special efficiency and qualifications from the employees of this service. Specifically, the medical service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations should in the conditions of a cataclysm quickly conduct a medical examination of patients and victims, provide assistance, evacuate patients and so on.
Medical institutions of the Ministry of Emergencies
Centrospas is the central airmobile rescue squad of the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation. In our country, this is the only organization in the ministry whose staff officially includes doctors with higher education. Centrospas has modern specialized equipment and medicines. An airmobile hospital is attached to this organization.
VTsMK Zashchita is one of the leading organizations engaged in not only practical, but also theoretical work within the framework of the Ministry of Emergencies. The state has a hospital of various specializations and a medical aviation department for the emergency removal of victims from the emergency zone.
TTsMK is dealing with the consequences of a small emergency in the area of the affected region. The unit is connected in cases of a small amount of disaster results.
Firefighters of the Ministry of Emergencies
The EMERCOM fire service is the leading form of state fire protection, the tasks of which are to save the population, personal and state property, equipment, buildings from fires, to monitor the observance of the rules when using fire, and to eliminate violations. GPS tasks:
- GPS compiles and implements generally accepted rules for handling fire;
- creates and implements in due course monitoring of cities and villages, factories and factories and other activities in the field of fire safety;
- eliminates fires;
- conducts organizational work;
- coordinates the work of other forms of fire safety;
- creates and implements the development of a unified activity in the field of fire safety;
- carries out work on training workers for specialized protection.
The forces and means of eliminating emergencies are effectively fighting disasters associated with fire that has gone out of control of a person. In addition, firefighters of the Ministry of Emergency Situations monitor compliance with fire safety measures.
Emergency warning
Emergency prevention is a certain list of actions aimed at the greatest possible reduction in the risk of emergencies, as well as saving the population, reducing property damage and reducing damage to forests, fields, fauna, etc.
Emergency prevention refers to all stages of work with these phenomena - from predicting emergencies to calculating actions to eliminate incidents and their negative consequences. An evacuation procedure is also being developed, and training alarms are being conducted. Measures to eliminate emergency situations can hardly take place without this structure.
Emergency response
Emergency response is the conduct, first of all, of searching for people and other important work that is carried out when emergencies occur and aimed at saving the population, reducing losses and material damage, as well as limiting the scope of emergency situations.
Emergency rescue activities are also aimed at finding and releasing victims who are not able to independently get out of the emergency zone, providing them with medical care and carrying out evacuation.
Great efforts and means to eliminate emergency situations are aimed precisely at these issues.
Ministry of Emergencies in the life of the country
In modern Russia, in the face of changing climatic conditions and international relations, almost every year the country experiences regular disasters of a natural and anthropogenic nature. Basically, this is flooding of territories or the occurrence of fires. They occur everywhere, but especially in recent years have been repeated in the Far East, Siberia, and in a number of regions of the European part of the country.
Another challenge of the Ministry of Emergencies was the flooding in the Stavropol Territory at the end of May 2017. Then rescuers evacuated the inhabitants of seven settlements, more than 40 thousand people were taken out. Over 1,500 residential buildings were flooded in the region, and two local residents were victims of flooding. More than 5.5 thousand people were affected, among them almost a thousand children. After the flooding came landslides. Almost 3.5 thousand people and 560 pieces of equipment were involved in the aftermath of the natural disaster.
On a smaller scale, but still with the destruction and loss of life, earthquakes occur. At the same time, the Ministry of Emergency Situations provide assistance in eliminating the negative consequences not only in our country, but also abroad.
Natural disasters are repeated on a large scale, and because of this, the forces and means of the Ministry of Emergency Situations for emergency response must constantly be ready to do their job. A separate area of work of the Ministry of Emergencies is the elimination of the consequences of terrorist attacks and military clashes.
Nowadays, it would seem more peaceful and calm, EMERCOM employees are constantly facing mortal dangers and eliminate numerous disasters. This is their feat and daily work.