As you know, the government is the highest state body that implements and monitors the implementation of laws in the territory of its state. More often than not, it has the right to propose legislative acts for discussion by parliament.
The system of separation of powers almost always happens in a republican type state. It is easy to assume that the Soviet Union fell under this definition.
In the period from 1946 to 1991 in the Soviet Union, the government was called the notorious Council of Ministers.
What happened before?
It is wrong to think that until 1946 and before the establishment of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, there were no executive or constituent bodies in the Soviet Union. In fact, earlier they were simply called somewhat differently, and in 1946, Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, the then head of the Soviet state, decided to replace the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR with the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
However, the only thing that has really undergone any changes is the long-suffering name of the executive body. The system remained the same, as, in fact, the composition. Why was all this done? Was there a reason or did Stalin simply succumb to his whim? Not. The fact is that at that time the leaders of the countries of the world jointly adopted new standards that were used to name certain state bodies. The Soviet Union did not stand aside, and in the very near future dismissed the Council of People's Commissars only so that a few days later, on March 15, 1946, everything would return to its place.
Internal organization
The USSR Council of Ministers included the Chairman, his deputies, ministers, chairmen of committees and republican chairmen of the Council of Ministers. The presence of the latter was explained by the fact that the state system of the USSR was federal in nature. Under a number of assumptions, the Chairman could allow those who held senior positions in the Soviet Union to enter and take part in government activities for some time.
The Council of Ministers was divided into two chambers: lower and higher. To exercise their powers, they gathered in the Moscow Kremlin.
What are ministries and where did they come from?
In the days of the Soviet Union, ministries appeared that were solely responsible for the sectors of the economy entrusted to them. There were also state committees of the USSR. They led economic departments that did not fall under a clear definition. They were called interbranch.
What should they do?
The Constitution of the Soviet Union stated that the Council of Ministers led, firstly, the national economy. As well as the development of the scientific and cultural sectors, the economy, the protection of natural resources, construction, the management of construction and industrial organizations, banks, foreign and domestic policies, and the execution of the state budget. He controlled the public security system, the leadership of the Armed Forces of the USSR in relation to draftees and military equipment. In addition to this, the Council of Ministers was entitled to deal with a certain list of issues of state administration that were not within the purview of institutions such as the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and others.
It is easy to guess that the Council of Ministers had power over various ministries on the territory of the Soviet Union.
In fact, it was precisely by the decisions of the Council of Ministers of the USSR that the Soviet Union was governed.From this it follows that the chairman of the Council of Ministers was the unofficial, but from this no less significant head of state.
Who is the most important?
The Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR had to lead and choose the composition of the government, sometimes to solve issues of national importance. In certain cases, he represented the country on the world stage. However, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR could not do absolutely anything that came to his mind. Many issues were resolved at meetings of the Supreme Council through voting, and the head of government could not influence what the majority would decide.
Personalities
From 1946 to 1953, the country, in fact, was ruled by Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. Under him, the executive branch included Nikolai Bulganin, Vyacheslav Molotov, Andrey Andreev, Lavrenty Beria, Nikolai Voznesensky, Kliment Voroshilov, Alexander Efremov, Lazar Kaganovich, Alexei Kosygin, Alexei Krutikov, George Malenkov, Vyacheslav Malyshev, Anastas Mikoyan, Ivan Saburov and Maxim Saburov Tevosyan.
While they were in power, a number of cardinal changes took place in the USSR: the general level of education increased, the country recovered from the effects of the war, the quality of life as a whole improved, industrial and economic progress was visible.
After the death of Stalin, the new head of the executive branch, Georgy Maximilianovich Malenkov, did not completely change the composition of the Council of Ministers. Beria, Bulganin, Kaganovich, Molotov, Tevosyan, Mikoyan, Malyshev and Kosygin remained where they were, although many of them soon left their posts. At the beginning of 1953, Beria and his associates were accused of treason and dismissed without any reason.
After Malenkov, the management of the Council of Ministers of the USSR was carried out by Nikolai Aleksandrovich Bulganin. Under him, the composition of the government expanded significantly, but this did not affect the welfare of the country.
Next came Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev, who managed the Council of Ministers for only six years, but in that short time he managed to take his place in history. Under him, Kosygin, Mikoyan and Ustinov became first assistants. Their time is called the "thaw" period. Censorship decreased, repressions stopped almost completely. For the first time, man managed to make a flight in outer space.
Aleksei Nikolaevich Kosygin spent 16 years at the place of the head of government. Nikolai Alexandrovich Tikhonov - five. Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov, who served as chairman, was the last head of government.
Restructuring
In 1990, they decided to amend the current Constitution, and at the same time rename the highest executive and constituent body to the Cabinet of Ministers. Until January 1981, the Council of Ministers continued to retain its authority. On February 1, their latest decree was issued.
It spoke of the need to change the conditions under which the state supplied products to military organizations, starting in 1977.
Interesting Facts
In 1956, the Council of Ministers, under the leadership of Bulganin, forbade taking money for education in high school, as well as in special educational institutions, universities and institutes.
Decisions of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR were often equated in importance.
In the post-war period, the Council of Ministers had to face many difficulties, but thanks to a tough regime and good governance, the country returned to its pre-war state relatively quickly.
At the same time as the Council of Ministers, the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions (AUCCTU) existed, which was one of the ministries. They were engaged in popular movements in the field of culture, economy and science. In 1989, a decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions was issued. It said that women who had small children would have increased vacations.
One of the very first decrees of the Council of Ministers was on jet weapons.
In 1947, a decree was issued on the voluntary resettlement of the Azerbaijani population from their native place of residence.