At present, various methods of warning and informing the population are being applied using the most modern technical means and capabilities. They are used so that the wide layers in the shortest possible time learn all the emergency information about the current situation, if an emergency occurs, an emergency threat associated with the nature, man-made causes, military activity. Notification systems are used and, if necessary, urgently report emergency situations provoked by the mentioned factors. As part of the message, they must mention step by step how a person should behave, what primary protective measures to take in order to reduce the likelihood of damage to health and property.
Is it necessary?
Alert the public about the danger - the use of the media and other information channels to transmit information regarding emergencies that have already occurred or may occur with a high degree of probability. In addition, special services report what measures can be used to protect themselves, what methods to use, and which territories are the safest. Such events are the most important way of promoting knowledge regarding the protection of sites and people from emergency situations. The aspects of civil security are revealed. Often, relevant information is transmitted regarding water bodies. Alerts are required when a high probability of fire occurs in order to prevent fires.
Through warning signals of the population, it is possible to promptly provide the general public with a maximum of information regarding the rules of behavior, as well as attract people's attention to the situation. This is especially true in the conditions of dominance of stereotypes a la “it will pass by itself” and “it will not concern me”. Massive loud notification of the danger factor gives everyone a chance to realize the severity of the current circumstances, and clear instruction with regards to actions prevents panic and chaos.
How it works?
Alerting the population in emergency situations is implemented using specialized technical potential, organizational methods. It is necessary to combine the forces and resources of several state institutions to ensure the joint work of different ways of transmitting data to a wide audience. Using alerts, communication technologies, broadcast networks, commonly used channels, you can bring vital information. Do not neglect the capabilities of government agencies, government systems designed specifically for emergency situations. At present, the so-called association of the Russian Emergency Situations Agency operates - a unified state system designed to warn about emergencies and coordinate work in the aftermath of the consequences.
There are several multilevel warning systems and evacuation of the population. The largest one is the federal one, that is, such a data transmission network through which information is distributed throughout the entire country. Interregional informative systems operating simultaneously in several entities within the same federal district are somewhat less extensive. This is followed by regional, covering individual subjects, municipal, responsible for the transfer of information to the population of the municipality, and object. The latter (they are the smallest) are such local notification systems that are designed to transmit urgent information to residents of areas where objects are located that are potentially dangerous to humans.
Timely and as directed
The system of centralized notification of the population was developed not only to provide information to a wide audience, but with the aim of timely drawing attention to the current situation of officials, federal executive bodies, and powerful authorities. Through informative systems, information is sent to the territorial formations of the Ministry of Emergencies, centers opened in the regions responsible for civil defense, and liquidation of the consequences of various negative events. The data is quickly distributed between the authorities, obliged to solve the tasks of civil defense, to take measures to prevent the onset of serious consequences.
Such a complex, ramified, multi-level system of centralized notification of the population allows you to quickly convey signals, data about the Ministry of Emergencies, the executive branch, which then transmit the reformatted data to a wide audience. Regional notification systems also work with the Ministry of Emergency Situations (departments responsible for a specific region), and civil defense guidelines. Through systems of a regional level, information is received by dispatchers, municipal services responsible for protecting a wide audience of bodies, special units providing civil defense. Finally, the data is sent to the population of the federal subject.
Municipal level
On such a scale, warning and informing the public about the danger is organized with the aim of bringing information summaries to the chiefs of civil defense, special forces, detachments involved in emergency situations (including warning of such a situation), dispatchers, duty officers, as well as ordinary people living in this territory municipal formation.
Local level
Such notification of the population about emergencies is necessary to provide data on the current situation to people living in the territory for which the notification system is responsible, as well as to dispatchers, duty officers, rescuers, emergency services, and the management providing civil defense in this territory.
A systematic approach is the key to success
In order to alert the population about emergencies, it is necessary to resort to comprehensive measures to draw attention to the current situation. If there is a likelihood of an emergency, or one has already happened, it is necessary to use software, hardware, notifications, methods for monitoring technogenic, natural processes, phenomena. It is important to have and be able to use the functioning methods of conducting signals and especially important information to those who need this information vitally. Those should also go to government agencies that manage the state system for preventing emergency situations and dealing with the consequences. Current federal-level security requirements require the use of automated, automatic means of conveying information to a wide range of people.
Special technical equipment for transmitting information, alerting the public about emergencies are usually installed in places of mass presence of people. This is a technique through which you can broadcast sound, video, messages in a different form, notifying the possibility of an emergency. Through such an announcement, they will be instructed how to behave at the moment, what primary measures to take when circumstances change.
Do not be afraid!
Modern methods of alerting the population have been developed as the primary measure to prevent panic among the general population in case of emergencies. It is no secret that the most diverse reasons for this situation are that peaceful, that the military is a cause for fear. Frightened numerous masses of people are no less dangerous than other natural circumstances, regarded as emergency situations. It is extremely difficult to predict the outcome of a panic in a large crowd of people. This factor greatly depresses the situation, enhances the negative consequences of emergencies.Its minimization is possible through a well-organized notification, for which such a complex system with a large number of levels was developed. Alert signals must be broadcast in advance, clearly observing the procedure for transmitting information established by laws. Correct presentation of information is the key to an adequate reaction to a wide audience.
Alerting the population involves the timely delivery of information about the possibility of an earthquake, flood, other natural disasters. If a catastrophe or accident has occurred, event data is transmitted through special systems. Wired communication, television, radio - all these channels must be used to fully reach the largest possible audience.
Relevance of the issue
A distinctive feature of our state is the large length of the radio links. There are no such more or less large settlements, wherever a radio point is equipped, a relay node. Enterprises, institutions, establishments, agricultural facilities are equipped with radio nodes. No less important are television centers, relay stations, and radio stations of various levels - from federal to local. Through all this technical power, public warning can be done in a short time and with a high percentage of coverage.
It is very difficult to find such a residential building, even a private house, where there would be no own radio receiver, points for access to the network. In large settlements, electric sirens are installed on the roofs of buildings and in production areas. Such an extensive network makes it possible to quickly transfer information about emergencies, explaining what happened, how to behave, what are the specifics of the conditions.
Historical summary
Such a mass warning of the population within our country became during the Great Patriotic War, when current information about the possibility of an air attack became the key to the successful survival of the civilian population. At that time, the greatest responsibility for the timely supply of information was borne by sirens, a broadcasting broadcasting network. A similar harmonious mechanism corresponded to the spirit of the time, the technical capabilities of that period.
As you can learn from historical reports, warning the population during the Second World War usually made it possible to timely inform about the alarming situation and to hang up, and the audience could hear sounds without problems and correctly identify them. If an air-raid alarm sounded, it was urgent to leave the place of stay and head to the nearest shelter. Such a sound informed that an attack from the air is possible in the next few minutes.
Everything flows, everything changes
Nowadays, public warning systems have become more complex, technologically advanced, and more efficient. Much is connected with a change in their operating conditions. World War II ended, the international situation has changed significantly, the public has discovered new needs. Notification systems that allow warning about emergencies, as it turned out, are needed much wider than they were organized in wartime. Based on this, an official government document was issued in 1988 calling for the reorganization of the notification system.
Currently, the information signal in most cases is a siren, a news block on radio and television. Transmission duration - up to three minutes. The start of the message is standardized: “ATTENTION TO ALL!”. Thanks to this beginning, it is possible to quickly attract the attention of wide layers of the population and achieve sufficient silence, thanks to which all people in the coverage area of the source of information can equally well hear the information. Next, the announcer tells you what to take consistent steps to ensure their own security.
Technical points
A modern public warning system is a method of transmitting information about an event or a possible event, the main task of which is to attract the attention of even the most absent-minded listeners. To do this, the beginning of the information block is transmitted at high volume. This is due to technical features: the siren electric motor is energized for nine seconds, which causes the formation of a wide-range powerful sound wave. The next six seconds, the voltage is blocked, due to which the sound becomes weaker. Eleven repetitions of the cycle is a sufficient period to attract the attention of a wide audience; After that, the siren will turn off. “ATTENTION TO ALL!” Is a message lasting exactly 165 seconds.
Normally, sirens are placed in settlements, the number of inhabitants of which is from five hundred or more. To maximize sound coverage, the installations are mounted on the roofs of tall buildings. One device of the standard type S-40 allows you to cover 300-700 m2 with sound in urban noise and high-rise buildings. To enhance the effectiveness of sound signals can be supplemented by intermittent industrial, transport beeps.
It is important
For the entire system described to really work, it is necessary to bring to a wide audience information on the meaning of all sounds. Usually, the meaning of sirens and beeps is told at school in life safety classes, at educational institutions of other levels as part of courses related to security, social features and safety. You must remember this information in order to quickly navigate in the event of an emergency and understand what loud sharp sounds mean.
Alternative option
In order to quickly bring information to people outside the walls of the house, a system of loudspeakers has been thought out in the settlements. These are universal devices through which both siren signals and voice messages are transmitted. Typically, the mechanisms are installed where there are crowds - large streets, squares, transport, shopping facilities. The performance of the loudspeaker is ensured by its connection with the urban radio broadcasting network. Such devices are turned on through special devices. Access to them is available only to duty and responsible persons involved in civil defense matters.
In general, as practice shows, it is the responsibility of those on duty, the competence of employees - the key to successfully informing the population. A real valuable worker is someone who is able to quickly analyze the current situation and launch a notification system.
Who is obliged?
Legal regulatory acts entrusted the responsibility for providing communications and launching notification systems to the leadership of the bodies created to protect the country's inhabitants. Direct execution operations - the sphere of responsibility of the heads of services at the regional, district level, a separate facility. Such persons must timely check and maintain the equipment in working condition, control the quality of cables, overhead data lines. If recovery, emergency measures are needed, the commanding staff should organize them as soon as possible. For this purpose, job descriptions and official positions have given various means and tools, including human strength - the formation of professionals capable of fulfilling a specific formulated task.
In order to quickly implement the optimal sequence of measures to inform the public and the direction of actions of a wide audience at the time of the incident, you should have a pre-designed action plan. Its compilation is the responsibility of organizations involved in civil defense and emergency situations. When informing, such a plan becomes the main document.It fixes which techniques to use to effectively disseminate information received from central sources. The population, in turn, must take appropriate measures to protect themselves personally, following the instructions received through the transmitters.
For those who are at home
Informing the audience inside the walls of the house is carried out through information blocks on television, radio and other sound transmission channels. If a siren signal described above sounded in the village, you should immediately turn on the TV or radio, another repeater in order to listen to the sound notification. This will provide access to official information on emergencies and a general idea of measures by which you can protect yourself.
The duration of the speech information block is no more than five minutes. To transmit this information, standard broadcast programs are interrupted at regular intervals.