In healthcare, the main role is, of course, given to doctors. Without their skillful qualification work, many patients would remain sick, and someone would even say goodbye to life. But no less important than doctors are those employees who are usually called paramedical personnel. Who are they and what is their role in saving lives and helping people?
What does average staff mean
Nurses are doctors who have received education not in higher education institutions, but in secondary schools. They, as a rule, perform pre-medical care for patients, and also, under the direct supervision of their doctor, carry out various types of activities related to patients: sanitary, medical, rehabilitation, and so on. The nursing staff is called the nursing staff because its work directly depends on the orders of the doctor who stands above him and is his direct and immediate supervisor.
Who is the paramedical staff
Below we list all the specialties that are usually called nursing staff, but we will clarify right away: this is only in Russia. In other states, this category includes some other professions.
So, in our country, the average personnel in healthcare are: a paramedic and types of positions, a medical officer, a nurse or a nurse, an obstetrician, a dentist and / or dental technician, instructors: a disinfector, physiotherapy exercises, a pharmacist, an x-ray laboratory technician and an optometrist. We will talk about each of these professions in more detail below, but first about which educational institutions train such specialists.
I'll go to the nurses, let them teach me!
Or in nurses, or in pharmacists - it does not matter. Another thing is important - where to go, to be taught, to get the desired specialty?
As we mentioned above, in higher education institutions such specialties are not taught. You need to go to special secondary, that is, to a medical school. It is there that all the above-mentioned specialists are trained. An important point: in some cities there are separate schools for pharmacists, most often they are called pharmaceutical colleges. And in some, on the contrary, in ordinary medical schools they offer training in this specialty as well.
As a rule, most schools (including medical ones) have a similar practice: a person who has graduated from such an educational institution and wants to continue their studies at the highest level is admitted to the institute immediately for a third or at least a second year. It all depends on the specific program of a particular institution.
Education in a medical school can be divided into four stages. This is, firstly, a theoretical course where future specialists put the basics of science into their heads; educational practice aimed at developing the acquired skills and usually taking place on mannequins in the walls of the native school; industrial and technological practice is already outside its walls, in its profile; and finally, an internship, it’s also a pre-diploma practice, during which a graduate can immediately be taken to a vacant place in a hospital or in the health care institution where he is interning.
What is needed in order to enter a medical school? Regardless of the chosen profile (by the way, nursing and midwifery are recognized as the most popular areas), you need documents on graduation - you must have a USE certificate, a document proving your identity and citizenship, a certificate of medical examination and six three-by-four photo cards. In some schools, they are accepted only according to the results of the exam, in some there are entrance examinations. This issue needs to be clarified locally.
Paramedic
We will start the discussion of specialties related to nursing staff with paramedics, and the first on their list is the medical assistant.He is also sometimes called an assistant medical officer. Who is he, what is the specificity of his work? Let's say further, but first briefly explain who, in principle, is called a medical assistant. This is a doctor with a secondary education, who has the right to diagnose a particular disease, independently carry out the necessary treatment and send the patient to the required specialist. The help provided by a medical assistant is called pre-medical, and the specifics of his work are essentially no different from the activities of a therapist or emergency doctor.
So, the medical assistant. The paramedic of this variety performs preventive work related to the prevention of possible diseases in a population of any age. His tasks include ensuring at enterprises and various institutions such working conditions under which people will face minimal exposure to negative factors that could affect their health. So, for example, just such a paramedic is responsible for monitoring sanitary conditions, for ensuring that water bodies are not contaminated, for preventing the occurrence of infections, and so on. The activity of the paramedical personnel of this plan is not only practical, but also partly research: for example, these experts study the effects of various factors on human health and well-being, conduct various hygienic studies, and the like. As a rule, paramedics are really assistants to sanitary doctors, but they can work not only by them: they also work as assistants to epidemiologists, for example, and at city epidemiological stations. The salary of such a specialist in each city is different, but on average in the country is about twenty to twenty five thousand rubles.
Military paramedic
Who belongs to the nursing staff yet is a military paramedic. There are no tricks here: this is an ordinary paramedic, who at the same time is in military service and has a military rank. They are part of all military units and are also available in every medical institution.
Interestingly, for the first time paramedics began to be trained just under the armed forces. And even more interesting is the fact that initially they taught these tricks of barbers - the most, of course, trained. Mass training of military paramedics took place during the years of World War II, then their task was to provide assistance on the battlefield. Now military paramedics are trained in specialized military medical institutions.
Laboratory assistant
This is the third kind of paramedic, also related to nursing staff. To receive a similar specialty, it is necessary to enter a medical diagnostic case or laboratory diagnosis. Accordingly, as you can guess by the name of the profile, diagnostic activity is also included in the list of functions and responsibilities of the paramedic. He works in the laboratory - in a research institute, hospital, clinic - and is engaged in all kinds of research there: biological material of blood, stomach, cerebrospinal fluid and the like, in other words, conducts analyzes. He does not work alone - under the direct supervision of physicians of a higher level, and provided that he has enough experience, he may well be considered a specialist of "wide profile". The quality and competent work of a paramedic assistant depends on how well the doctor diagnoses the patient and prescribes treatment.
Sanitary Instructor
The next one who belongs to the nursing staff is a sanitary instructor.
Like the military paramedic, this is a specialization of a military medical nature, but, so to speak, a lower rank. They also study in special institutions, also are in military units, and also undergo certain military training.The task of medical instructors is to provide medical support for their unit, including personal hygiene products, as well as to provide assistance to sick military personnel and to monitor compliance with hygiene standards and requirements. The medical officer, in addition, instructs what follows from the very name of the position, the military personnel on the methods of providing medical care to both themselves and other people. The medical officer in the medical department reports to the paramedic, and in the military - to the head of the unit to which he is attached.
Nurse
One of the most popular and sought after specialties. Moreover, of course, there are many times more nurses than nurses, but recently they have also often appeared. There are special nurse courses that are also gaining popularity. Based on the results of these courses, you can get many specializations - from nurses to care for the sick to a massage therapist or cosmetologist. It all depends specifically on the courses themselves and, of course, on different regions and cities. But in general, nurse (or nurse) courses are a good example of obtaining additional specialization, and therefore additional income.
But back to the nurse and her functions. Of course, they vary slightly depending on in which institution and in which office (there is a difference - a physical room or a surgery room) a specialist works, but on the whole they coincide, and a general idea can be obtained.
To get the specialty of a nurse / nurse, you must first learn in the direction of "Nursing." Obtaining such an education will enable the physician to carry out primary care for patients, including assessing their condition; carry out the appointments and orders of doctors, their immediate supervisors; do the necessary procedures, and also assist in operations; provide emergency first aid and send to a specialist and much more. Nurses and nurses work on different profiles - everyone needs them: a pediatrician, an optometrist, and a cardiologist ... The average salary of nurses in this area in the country is about thirty thousand rubles.
Obstetrician
This specialty should not be confused with a doctor obstetrician-gynecologist, which refers to the highest medical personnel. The obstetrician, or in other words, the obstetrician-midwife is a mid-level specialist who provides the necessary assistance during childbirth to women in labor, as well as to pregnant women. Obstetricians are trained in the direction of “Medical and obstetric care”, and after receiving the appropriate education, they can perform the following functions: receiving birth, assisting in gynecological operations, providing first aid in the gynecological profile, taking smears for analysis, patronage of women in labor and newborns, and the like.
At first, in ancient times, women who were engaged in similar work were called midwives, midwives in Russia. Later, the word "obstetrician" came from the French language, and the profession itself, previously quite rare, became more in demand and came to the fore.
Dentist (Dental Technician)
Surprisingly, but who still belongs to the nursing staff is a dentist. It would seem that he is kind of like a doctor! Why, then, is he ranked among mid-level specialists?
In Russia, dentists have been known since the time of Peter the Great, it was he who brought dentistry tools to our country. At that time, dentists were called dentists (this word was again borrowed from the French language), but later the word “dentist” replaced the name and almost replaced the first one from general use. Meanwhile, there is a fundamental difference between these terms and, therefore, between the professions themselves. A dentist is a specialist with a higher education.A dentist, on the other hand, is one who has a secondary specialized education, he is engaged in prosthetics and provides practical assistance in their treatment. He is able to cure uncomplicated cases with untreated caries, all the more difficult - already to the dentist. Dentists are specialists such as a dental technician and a dental paramedic.
Disinfection Instructor
This specialist carries out all kinds of disinfection measures, while he also decides with what help, in what way and to what extent these measures will be carried out. It is his responsibility to control the preparation and use of disinfecting solutions, the cleanliness and order of the necessary equipment. The same specialist also regulates the observance by disinfectors (they are his subordination) of labor protection rules and safety rules. In addition, the job description of a medical disinfector spells out the need to complete all relevant documents. The average salary of a disinfector varies between twenty and thirty thousand rubles.
Instructor LFK
Exercise therapy is an abbreviation of physiotherapy exercises. What is this, no need to explain. But the duties of the paramedical personnel of this profile are the following things: conducting individual and group exercises on exercise therapy and preparing for them; recommendations to patients on necessary physical exercises and on independent studies; monitoring the state of all kinds of simulators, pools and other equipment and facilities necessary for exercise therapy. This physician must have knowledge of the physiological (including pathological) features of the human body, methods of physiotherapy exercises, the specifics of therapeutic massage, and also understand the indications and contraindications for physical therapy exercises. A person who has received secondary medical and / or physical education can become an instructor in exercise therapy.
Pharmacist
A pharmacist, in other words, a pharmacist is the same person who stands behind the counter in a pharmacy and not only dispenses the necessary medicines, but can also give recommendations if necessary. Pharmacists are trained, as already mentioned above, depending on the region both in conventional medical schools and in specialized pharmaceutical colleges.
Despite the apparent simplicity, this is a very difficult job: how much medicine you need to know, keep in mind all kinds of analogs, remember what this remedy is for, and what else it is for ... A pharmacist must know, besides what contraindications the drug has, what else you can advise to the patient. This is really serious and responsible work.
X-ray laboratory assistant
A person applying for this position can finish the course in any direction - “Obstetric Medicine”, “General Medicine”, “Nursing”, but the certificate of an X-ray laboratory assistant in radiology must be a plus to it.
This specialist carries out X-ray studies, maintains the necessary apparatus and the X-ray room in order, monitors the patient's condition during the procedure and, if necessary, provides first aid. Those who wish to work in this area should know a lot of important information, including the rules of work in the departments of radiation diagnostics.
Optometrist
This specialist has common roots with an ophthalmologist, he is also part of the eye, but in a slightly different area. The name optometrist is akin to the word optics. This person is a vision correction professional. In many countries, an optometrist is only a separate profession, in our country you can meet an ordinary optometrist working in a clinic who writes out glasses himself, that is, he is also an optometrist. Nevertheless, individual specialists in this field, of course, also exist. They work in optical salons, for example.
An optometrist can not only prescribe glasses and give advice, he also measures intraocular pressure, checks the condition of the cornea or lens, and also diagnoses the quality of vision using a computer. It is the optometrist who can see the alarming symptoms of the disease and advise you to consult an ophthalmologist who is already directly involved in treatment - this is a significant difference between these two close, but different professions. The average salary of an optometrist is around 45 thousand rubles.
Training
Further training of paramedical personnel is possible in a fairly large number of different directions. This is a nursing business, and obstetrics with gynecology, and operating business, and so on. You can complete the upgrade in special centers for advanced training or on the basis of medical schools and institutes.
From the foregoing, the naked eye shows how important and responsible the role of paramedical personnel in maintaining the health and life of the population. Involuntarily, the memory of the so-called little man comes to mind. Nursing staff is also a "little man", but without him there would be no "big" people!