Our country offers a large number of benefits, subsidies and other motivation, so that Russian families increase demographic indicators. Constant amendments to laws, new proposals from the state and much more perfectly motivate women to give birth to more children. But how to assess their capabilities, what women have the right to, and how the period of maternity leave in Russia is calculated, this article will tell.
Maternity leave: when it comes and what happens?
To begin with, we’ll deal with the concept of “maternity leave”. Everyone is used to this word, but it should be divided into the time associated with pregnancy and birth, as well as with the period when the child is under three years old.
Maternity leave is paid days of disability, which are provided in connection with the birth of the child and after his birth, during the recovery of the woman in childbirth.
A leave to care for a child up to 3 years old is issued after the sick leave is closed, while the length of service for an employee is not interrupted until the end of the term.
State regulation
State regulation of the terms of maternity leave and payments on them are established by federal laws of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Articles 255 and 256 describe in detail information about these holidays. Also, in these paragraphs, different categories of pregnant women are prescribed, the terms of maternity leave before and after childbirth, and the amount of payments.
When to finish work?
How long they give maternity leave is a question that future mothers often ask. Basically, the beginning of the holiday is issued at 30 weeks of gestation. During this period, the obstetrician-gynecologist must draw up a certificate of incapacity for work indicating the date of the alleged birth. A little earlier, women living in the territory contaminated with radiation - at 27 weeks, go on vacation. If the pregnant woman carries not one but several children, then her vacation will begin from the 28th week. If the birth was premature, the sick leave is executed at the time of birth, starting from the 22nd week.
How many days does a sick leave during pregnancy?
The period of maternity leave in 2018 has not changed. To draw up documents and receive benefits, you need to transfer a certificate of incapacity for work at your place of work. A statement is attached to the sick leave.
The calculation of the period of maternity leave for pregnancy and childbirth is divided into two periods: before childbirth and after birth. Consider the first option:
- With the usual course of pregnancy, maternity leave is prescribed for a period of 140 days.
- With multiple pregnancy - 154 days (before giving birth 84 days).
- In childbirth, which took place with complications, 86 days are given for recovery, for a total of 156 days.
- If two or more children are born, the sick leave will be issued for 194 days.
For the entire period of maternity leave, a sick leave is issued, which is paid at a time for all days. In case of complications, a new sheet is issued for additional days, which the employer must pay.
The accrued benefit is transferred by the employer, and later its expenses are compensated from the social insurance fund (FSS). The allowance is calculated as 100% of the average employee salary calculated over 24 calendar months.
Am I entitled to pregnancy leave?
The following are entitled to receive payments:
- working women;
- women whose dismissal is associated with the liquidation of the enterprise, the termination of the powers of a notary or advocate, the termination of entrepreneurial activity;
- entrepreneurs and lawyers who voluntarily paid insurance premiums during the calendar year of the preceding pregnancy;
- women or girls who receive full-time education;
- women serving in military institutions, criminal authorities and customs.
Persons adopting a child can receive the benefit, if the baby is not yet three months old, the period of such leave is up to 70 days.
The right to benefits is absent in future women in labor who have not been employed.
The moment of beginning and end of parental leave
Maternity leave begins the next day after the end of the sick-list. It doesn’t matter who cares for the child. In the event that such a vacation was not used by mom, or in the event of her death, such a right comes ahead of schedule, immediately at the birth of the baby.
Maternity leave ends three years after birth. In this case, the parent can at any time write a statement and return to work. In addition, the latter has the opportunity to carry out professional activities at home, combine or work in part-time mode, while all payments for the child are saved.
Who can take a vacation?
The essence of such a vacation is to provide care for the child until he is three years old. At the same time, everyone who has a family relationship with him can provide care for the baby.
Can carry out care:
- mother or father;
- grandparents;
- another relative who has managed to prove kinship with the child;
- guardian.
How to use maternity leave?
As mentioned above, any relative has the right to take care of the baby, while the vacation can be divided, but several relatives cannot take care of the child at the same time. If there are more than one child in the family who are not yet three years old, each parent can receive a vacation for one child.
In general, the period of maternity leave (maternity leave) is calculated with the condition that the future mother had the opportunity to more easily endure the pregnancy in the later stages, relax, sleep, and improve her health. It is very important during this period to think positively and is more in the fresh air. The second part - postpartum, is needed to restore strength after a difficult natural test. During this period, a young mother and child need to adapt to new conditions, cope with postpartum depression, and regain strength after surgery.
What documents are needed to arrange a vacation?
You need:
- Prepare an appropriate application and provide it at the place of work.
- Provide the child's documents.
- Present documents of kinship with the child, if the leave is not drawn up by the mother.
- Provide documents on guardianship or adoption.
- A certificate stating that the leave for the mother was not issued (at the place of her employment), in case another family member takes care of her.
How to calculate childcare benefits
The allowance depends on the average earnings of the parent over the past 24 months and is 40 percent. There are limitations - the minimum and maximum limits.
Child benefits are paid up to one and a half year old. In the period up to three years, no accruals are paid. Although there are such employers who provide social support to their workers in the form of material assistance or the appointment of internal benefits based on their local documents.
Payments are saved in case of going to work for both full and part time.
Also defined is the category of citizens, payments for which are made up to the age of three, and the size is doubled - these are people who live and work in the territories of the resettlement zone or who have been exposed to radiation pollution.
Maternity pay calculation example
Federal law regulates the annual indexation of benefits, minimum wages, and other benefits. In 2018, the allowance was indexed at 2.5 percent. It is important to note that the revision of payments is associated with a change in the minimum wage (minimum wage) and inflation in the Russian Federation.Since, in 2017, the State managed to keep the inflation rate at the minimum level, the benefit index below 2017 almost doubled.
Let’s try to calculate what payments and terms of maternity leave, according to the law, can be calculated, for example, by an average woman who does not belong to a special category, is not connected with military service, is employed and is going to give birth to a second child.
The calculation of benefits is related to the average earnings earned over the past 2 years. A woman received 1,086,516 rubles in 24 months. Next, we find the average daily earnings, for this we divide the amount by the calendar days of two fully worked years. 2016 was a leap year, so we divide by 731 days. 1 086 516/731 = 1 486.34 rubles. The sick-list is issued for 140 days, as the pregnancy is singleton and childbirth passed without complications. The sick leave payment will be charged as follows:
1 486.34 x 140 = 208 087.60 rubles, but the state has set a limit on payments. The maximum limit for paying maternity leave in 2018 is 282 106.70 rubles, that is, if the estimated amount was 283 000, the woman in labor would receive only the maximum limit. In addition to the maximum, the minimum payment is also provided, which corresponds to the minimum wage, established from February 1, 2018 in the amount of 9,489 rubles, that is, based on 140 days, the lower limit of the benefit will be 43,615, 65 rubles. The payment term for maternity leave will come after all documents have been submitted and settlement has been made. Payment will take place along with wages.
If a woman registers before 12 weeks, she can count on a fee of 628.47 rubles.
In 2018, at the birth of a child, mommy can receive a lump sum payment of 16,759.09 rubles. To do this, you must write a statement to your employer and provide the documents of the child within six months after birth.
We calculate the monthly payment for childcare up to 1.5 years. The average monthly salary of a woman amounted to 45,271 rubles. Payout per month is 45 271.50 x 40% = 18 108.60 rubles. But if a woman is unemployed, the minimum level of benefit for caring for her first child will be 3 142.33 rubles, for caring for a second or more - 6 284.65 rubles.
If she continues to care for her baby a year and a half after birth and up to three years, the monthly payment for the baby will be 50 rubles per month.
At the initiative of the President of the Russian Federation, a compensation payment is provided for needy families, which is assigned if the average per capita income is 1.5 times lower than the regional subsistence level.
Additional assistance and allowances are also provided for large families, needy families and citizens who are suitable for certain groups. A complete list of these categories can be found in federal law. There are special services where low-income citizens can apply and register for financial assistance.
This article gave examples of calculations of various benefits related to maternity leave, described the terms of maternity leave, the rights of women. The Government of Russia and the President of the Russian Federation are very interested in supporting motherhood, because in children is the future of the country!