Maternity capital for improving housing conditions is a common operation carried out in Russia by many families. It will be further described in more detail about how to get this state subsidy and what exactly it can be directed to. The main emphasis will be placed on improving housing and family living conditions. What is meant by such operations? What restrictions are there? Answers to all these questions will help to fully understand the state program for supporting families with children.
Description
First you need to understand what is at stake. What is called maternal capital? Who can claim it?
In Russia, it is customary to support citizens, especially if they have children. In order to support, the so-called maternity capital was invented - a fixed payment of a large amount of money that can be spent only on certain family goals.
A family support program was introduced in 2007. Since then, they wanted to close it several times, but so far this has not happened. Today it is known that MSCs can be obtained until 2020 inclusively.
How much money is given to the family? Maternity capital for improving housing conditions is a rather costly operation. Therefore, the amount allocated to the family of money will also not be so small. Currently, its size is defined as 453,026 rubles. Until 2020, this payment will not be indexed.
Who is eligible
It should be noted right away that not all families can qualify for the subsidy under study. To whom and under what conditions is maternity capital issued? For the second child (birth or adoption), all families (complete and incomplete) can receive the studied state support.
In other words, maternal capital can be obtained for all cells of a society with 2 or more children. It is important that they all be minors.
Childless citizens cannot apply for this subsidy under any circumstances. Maternal capital for the second child, as well as for all subsequent ones, is issued in a fixed amount and only once. This means that if the family has already issued this subsidy, they will not be able to claim it again.
Capital formation
How is such state support provided? Getting mothercapital is easier than it sounds. It is enough to contact the FIU with the appropriate package of documents.
Citizens will be able to obtain the appropriate certificate after the following papers are submitted:
- application for a subsidy;
- identity card of legal representatives of children;
- birth certificates of all minors;
- adoption documents (if any);
- SNILs of all family members;
- marriage certificate (if any);
- certificates indicating Russian citizenship in children (if one of the parents is a foreigner).
After studying these documents, parents will be given a special certificate confirming that they have maternity capital. How can I use the allocated funds? This will be described below!
Ways to use subsidies
It turns out that the allocated funds are issued for children. Accordingly, the subsidy may be aimed at providing for children's needs.In 2007, the list of available transactions with maternity capital was minimal. But today, parents can take advantage of money in many areas of life. How exactly?
How can maternity capital be used? Allowed to put it on:
- children's education;
- retired mom;
- treatment of minors;
- improving the quality of living conditions.
The latter scenario attracts the bulk of citizens. It's no secret that the housing situation in Russia is not the best - families with children often do not have their own apartments. Therefore, improving housing conditions for maternity capital is a fairly common situation. What can be understood by these operations? What processes are called improvement in living conditions?
The best living conditions
It is allowed to use maternity capital to improve housing conditions in different directions:
- for the purchase of an apartment or room under sales contracts;
- to repay a mortgage;
- in order to carry out the reconstruction of housing;
- for the construction of a private house for permanent residence;
- as a down payment for joining a housing construction cooperative;
- to pay for rights to participate in shared construction.
Given the fact that the size of the subsidy being studied is not too large, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the state allows reporting personal funds when implementing MSCs.
Apartment purchase
Let us dwell in more detail on improving living conditions. As already mentioned, parents have the opportunity to use maternity capital to purchase housing. Both new and secondary.
As a rule, when concluding an agreement, several parties appear: seller, buyer, and FIU. The pension fund independently sends the payment to the seller. The process has no more significant features. Is it possible to spend maternity capital on the purchase of housing is possible only after the children turn 3 years old. Prior to this, citizens are allowed to apply for state support.
Between the parties (the buyer and the seller) is a regular contract for the sale and purchase of property. In this case, the document will have additional points:
- on making personal money for property;
- on payment of part of the cost of the apartment / room / house by maternity capital
- on the transfer of ownership of property after the completion of all settlements.
Money issued to the family as maternity capital, upon registration, will be transferred to the seller with a slight delay. Namely - 2 months. So much time is needed by the FIU to verify the validity of the transaction and transfer funds to the seller.
Mortgage
The use of maternity capital to improve housing conditions, as already mentioned, is allowed only after three years of children. But there are exceptions. Namely - repayment of the mortgage.
Maternity capital funds can be used to repay a mortgage loan immediately after processing this subsidy. You do not need to wait for a certain age of children. The main thing is that a loan for the purchase of housing has already been taken. Otherwise, state support can be directed to a mortgage, but only to down payments on it.
Due to the allocated subsidy, it is possible to repay both the basic cost of housing and interest on loans. The only exceptions are fines and penalties. They cannot be extinguished by maternal capital.
Reconstruction and construction
But this is far from the only scenario. You can direct maternity capital to the reconstruction of housing. What it is?
Reconstruction is usually understood as alteration of non-residential premises to be suitable for living or to increase the area of the premises by creating residential extensions.
A significant role in reconstruction and construction is played by the emergence of property rights to housing.If we are talking about property that has passed into the possession of the family since the beginning of 2007, then the exact date of receipt of your own apartment / house does not matter. Building a house requires ownership of it after 01/01/2007. Otherwise, it will not work to use the state subsidy for construction. If the house has been commissioned since 2006, citizens can receive compensation for the expenses incurred to purchase a home.
Reconstruction or construction can take place either by concluding a contract, or on their own. In the first case, the funds spent on these operations will be transferred to the contractor in the form of bank transfer. In the second, money transfer takes place in several stages.
Namely:
- 50% of all expenses are reimbursed before the start of construction. To do this, they bring to the PFR: a certificate of ownership of land allocated under IZHS, or a certificate of ownership of housing to be reconstructed, permission to conduct a particular operation, a bank statement indicating that the recipient has an account.
- The remaining funds are allowed to receive only six months after the completion of reconstruction or construction. It is enough to bring a statement and documents confirming expenses to the FIU.
In fact, everything is not as difficult as it seems. How else can an improvement in living conditions be achieved through maternity capital?
Shares in construction
Federal Law No. 256 of 2006 indicates that the state subsidy issued to all citizens with several children can be used not only to purchase finished housing, but also to take part in the construction of shared type. A significant advantage of this step is that citizens receive an apartment at a lower cost. The funds will be transferred to the account of future housing, which will become the property of the family after the house is put into operation.
You can use the studied state subsidy for shared construction as follows:
- Citizens add personal funds to MSCs and buy their own housing.
- The family has housing that can be sold, and the money is used to participate in shared construction. At the same time, the money received from the sale of an old apartment is added to maternity capital.
- The company’s cell draws up a mortgage for shared construction. Maternity capital in this case will be directed to the down payment.
In practice, such situations are rare. In Russia, government subsidies are increasingly being used either to purchase ready-made housing or to pay off mortgages. But there are other options for the development of events.
Cooperative construction
For example, some people who want to secure their own personal housing are united in housing cooperatives. They are created for the construction and further maintenance of apartments and houses of all participants. This layout has a number of significant advantages.
Which ones? Among them are:
- full access to management of all stages of construction;
- low down payment;
- less paperwork;
- Housing maintenance materials are paid after construction.
The direction of maternal capital to improve housing conditions provides for the opportunity to participate in cooperative construction. It is important to consider that it will be possible to enter housing only after paying half of its cost. And property rights to property are formalized when the family fully pays for the house or apartment.
Basic conditions
As practice shows, issues related to the state subsidy being studied are of concern to many citizens. In particular, due to the fact that you have to observe a huge number of features.
Do you want to direct maternity capital to improve housing conditions? The rules that a family must follow will be as follows:
- the use of the subsidy is allowed only after the children turn 3 years old (but there are exceptions);
- children on whom funds are allocated must have Russian citizenship;
- when registering a mortgage, the family must have a decent and stable income;
- six months after the registration of housing as a property, parents are obliged to draw up shares in the apartment / house purchased at the expense of the MSC to children.
It is the last feature that worries many parents today. Especially those who do not consider it necessary to give children housing for the future.
Pursuant to the law, parents are really obliged to allocate shares to all their minors if the housing was purchased, built or reconstructed at the expense of the MSC. But in fact, many do not follow this instruction. They will not take away housing from the family, but parents may be obliged through the court to allocate shares in the house or apartment to minors.
Certificate cashing out
What other nuances need to be considered? With proper preparation, the use of state subsidies will not cause problems and problems.
Many people wonder whether it is possible to cash out maternity capital to improve housing conditions. For example, to pay for certain services in cash.
Under the law, the cashing of maternity capital is prohibited. Nevertheless, in Russia in 2016 it was possible to take 25 thousand from the allocated subsidy at a time. This is the only way to cash out a certificate. In other cases, cash is not issued to parents. Even after the children are over 3 years old.
This means that the implementation of maternity capital (to improve housing conditions and not only) provides only for cashless payments. Funds allocated by the state to the family will be transferred to the account of the recipient providing this or that service. And only after that money can be received on hand.
Documents for Operations
Obtaining maternity capital to improve housing conditions has been considered previously. Now it’s clear what documents can be useful in order for the family to receive an appropriate certificate. And what kind of securities do they require in the direct direction of subsidies for a particular operation?
The general package of documents requested when improving the living conditions of the family is as follows:
- certificate indicating the allocation of funds from the state budget;
- ID cards of all family members;
- certificates of registration of citizens;
- SNILS certificate recipient;
- Marriage certificate;
- an application for the FIU to refer MSCs to a specific operation;
- certificate of ownership of housing (upon purchase of property);
- mortgage or home purchase agreement;
- an agreement on the state in shared or cooperative construction (if any);
- documents indicating certain expenses for reconstruction, construction or down payments;
- building permit;
- documents on state registration of the contractor conducting repairs, reconstruction or construction of housing;
- details of the account of the recipient of funds.
As a rule, there are no problems with the preparation of documents. The exact list of required securities can be clarified in the FIU. They will talk in detail about how the maternal capital is directed towards improving housing conditions and what is required for a particular case.
About the transfer of PFR funds
An important point is the question of transferring money allocated by the state to one or another organization. How long does a contractor or seller wait for an MSC?
Starting from the day the family submits an application for the use of maternity capital, one or another decision must be made in the Pension Fund of Russia. This operation takes 30 days, that is, a month. If the answer is yes, as was already emphasized earlier, money is transferred according to the specified details no more than 2 months.There is no more information about the duration of operations related to the transfer of money via MSC.
Summary and Conclusions
From now on, it is clear that this is an improvement in housing conditions. This operation means either a mortgage or the purchase of new housing. Less commonly, construction and participation in shared / cooperative construction. Reconstruction of existing apartments and houses in Russia with the involvement of the studied subsidies is extremely rare.
When applying for a mortgage, you must follow all generally accepted credit rules. More specifically, among them are:
- the presence of a constant decent income;
- good credit history;
- absence of debts;
- official employment with family members.
Otherwise, you cannot get a mortgage and allocate maternity capital to reduce it or make an initial payment. All other features of the studied issue were considered earlier.
Now it’s no secret to anyone what it means to improve housing conditions. Maternal capital can be used for other purposes, but it is the area under study that worries citizens the most. The second common way to use MSCs is to educate and treat children. An increase in mom’s pension is very rare in practice.
In any case, it must be remembered that parents are required to issue shares to their underage children in purchased housing without exception. In addition, the implementation of maternity capital is possible mainly after the kids celebrate their three-year anniversary. Up to this point, it is only allowed to receive lump-sum payments in the presence of the corresponding order of the president, as well as to issue the certificate itself. Cashing out funds allocated as MSCs is considered an illegal act. The family cannot receive cash for the certificate - the recipient of state support will not be able to.