The times when the plane was a simple airplane have long sunk into oblivion. The needs of mankind have changed, and the usual interest and extreme in starting the engines of modern liners is no longer there. Now aviation is used in completely different areas of our daily lives, from air travel to military intelligence.
These days provide us with a sea of opportunities to modernize and increase the sites for the use of aircraft.
Types of Aviation in the Russian Federation
Within the state there is a clear distinction on the purpose of the aircraft. All types of aviation in the Russian Federation are described in the main aviation document - the Air Code. What is aviation:
- Civil.
- State.
- Experimental
Each of the listed species is divided into subspecies. So, for example, the types of civil aviation are understood as: directly civil (created for passenger transportation), civil commercial (used for commercial purposes, transportation of goods, transport, and so on), general aviation (aimed at performing useful work for the society in agriculture, for medical, police assistance, as well as for private flights and training).
Experimental usually refers to technical tests of aircraft and various experimental work. State aviation is divided into military and state special purpose (units of the Ministry of Emergencies, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, created to carry out various kinds of special tasks). These two types of aviation can be used in commercial missions.
VIP Aviation
Abroad, this species has long taken a leading position and has a high service flow. In Russia, it is defined as business and has just begun to pick up speed in its development. Business aviation is also classified in this category. Usually this type is understood as the use of small-sized aircraft in private.
The most popular board at the moment is the Gulfstream G500. Such aircraft are most often privately owned by one owner or leased from certain companies that provide exclusively VIP-service. The aircraft is ordered with personnel in the form of a piloting crew and a service conductor. All nuances are negotiated directly with the customer (including the interior).
Sport aviation
Initial training aviation also applies to sports, these are all those who are related to flying clubs, such pilots are given a certificate of an amateur pilot (private pilot). In flying clubs they usually get primary piloting skills on small airplanes. The aircraft fleet is presented in the form of Yak-55, Su-26, Yak-18T, Yak-52. For athletes involved in parachuting, An-2 is used. Some aircraft may belong to certain people and be used along with the above functions in the commercial transport of goods and passengers. In general, all flying clubs in Russia are privately owned.
Small aircraft
What is the difference between business aviation and small? One can say nothing, but this concept has not yet been defined at the legislative level; it can be included in the general aviation section. Small aircraft have a capacity of up to eighteen people, and take-off weight - up to nine thousand kilograms.
Small aviation also means the infrastructure of aerodromes, their maintenance by technical staff, an air traffic control system, and so on. All over the world, the total number of small aircraft is becoming more and more, and in Russia the number of runways and sites is increasing.
Military aircraft
This is a special type of state aviation, which has not only its subspecies, but also its kind. It is intended to fulfill defense and offensive goals, that is, to perform combat duty, including sorties, reconnaissance missions, transfer military units and weapons to a specific area, establish a leading level in the air, and, of course, to perform combat missions and operations.
Among the types of military aviation are:
- Distant.
- Frontline.
- Army.
- Air Defense.
- Marine (Navy).
- Transport aircraft.
- Special aviation.
Far
The purpose of strategic aviation (long-range) is to destroy enemy targets, including aircraft, directly behind the lines of hostilities. In addition, long-range aviation performs an intelligence function and other special tasks. The main representative of the fleet is the Tu-160.
The first bomber was the famous "Ilya Muromets", created in 1914, even under tsarist Russia, at the same time the first special squadron of heavy bombers was created. And during the Second World War, there was one interesting story connected with the Soviet long-range bomber Pe-2. Then, in 1942, he successfully transferred Molotov, the People’s Commissar of Foreign Affairs, to both sides, who managed to achieve allied "handshakes" with the United States and Great Britain.
Comrade Molotov recalled that at the time he was on the plane, dressed in the same manner as the rest of the crew - in high boots, a jumpsuit with fur and a helmet, he ceased to feel like the second man of the USSR after the Secretary General of Stalin. German intelligence, by the way, found out about this case only a few days later, when it was already impossible to interfere with the negotiations. Thus, the Pe-2 was nicknamed the "diplomatic bomber."
Frontline Aviation
This type of military aircraft was created to perform missions, as well as to participate in operations carried out by the ground forces and the air forces of the Russian Federation. Types of front-line aviation (kind): assault, fighter, reconnaissance, bomber, fighter-bomber, auxiliary.
For the first time, the concept of front-line aviation appeared in the First World War, and after the formation of the Soviet Union, individual aviation detachments were determined, which were united in district. By the beginning of World War II, front-line aviation already consisted of divisions: bomber, reconnaissance, and so on. Now this type of aircraft is armed with supersonic engines equipped with cannon weapons, rocket launchers and bomber equipment. Also, all aircraft are equipped with radar.
Front-line aviation is also called tactical because of its ability to perform tasks in absolutely any weather conditions, to destroy targets with supersonic capabilities at long distances. The functions of front-line aviation also include covering troops, assisting ground forces in the form of air strikes against the enemy, both mobile objects and military real-estate, and carrying out reconnaissance flights. Exploration is carried out on the Su-24MR.
Army and fighter aircraft
In order to lead the leading stage in the airspace, it must first be occupied, this is done by fighter aircraft. She fights for supremacy by destroying enemy aircraft, retreating to tactical depth. Fighting is not easy, so the pilots perform such maneuvers on fighters, the most famous of which are the MiG-29 and Su-27.
Army or military aviation is a type of air force aviation directly reporting to the ground forces of the Russian Federation. With the help of it, a military landing is carried out, reconnaissance is carried out, and ground forces are supported by combat fire. It is divided into assault, transport, special purpose and reconnaissance. The plus is that in addition to aircraft, army men also have helicopters, for example, Mi-24, Ka-52, Mi-28.
Air Defense, Navy, Special Purpose and Transport
The first view is intended to protect and cover strategically located military and other facilities, as well as territories from air attacks. Despite the importance of the function of air defense aviation, the work is being carried out on a single representative - the MiG-31.
Among the types of aviation in Russia, piloting units of the Navy stand out to prevent an attack and destroy the enemy, as well as its strategically important targets in sea waters. It is also a defense of warships on the shore and during reconnaissance and combat missions. Naval aviation is divided into several genera: fighter, missile, assault and reconnaissance. She, like the army, has a helicopter fleet in operation. Often the base for aircraft are aircraft carriers.
Special aviation serves as an assistant to aircraft in the form of air refueling with the help of special devices, including those installed on unmanned aircraft, makes a radar patrol. Search and rescue operations are also included in the obligations. Originally created to work with the Navy.
And the last species that stands out among military aviation is transport. It is used for transporting cargo and landing. In the presence of transport aviation is also the largest military transport aircraft in the world, nicknamed "Ruslan" - An-124, as well as An-12, An-26, Il-76. The functions of transport aviation are to carry, among other things, heavy cargoes in the form of tanks, small aircraft, missiles, self-propelled artillery installations and other military equipment.