Executive bodies of local self-government and their types

Power attracts many people. Someone has big ambitions. Others are happy with something small. Let's look at what the executive bodies of state power and local self-government are, what opportunities they have for activity, and also their work.

general information

Initially, let's deal with terminology. When people talk about executive bodies of local self-government, they usually understand elected and other structures that have the authority to resolve issues of local importance. What can be cited as an example? These are municipalities, a council of local deputies and the like. They have the following features:

1. According to article 12 of the Constitution, they do not belong to the system of state power.
2. In cases when they are nevertheless endowed with the powers of the sovereign structures, their activities are carried out under general control. This is provided for in article 132 of the Constitution.

Therefore, although there is usually a division into executive bodies of state power and local self-government, sometimes they can merge into one.

About legislation

Since we have already touched upon the legal documentation, let us further develop this topic. The executive bodies of local self-government in the Russian Federation act in accordance with Law No. 131-ФЗ dated October 6, 2003. It clearly spells out the structure of the entire system. According to the law, the following elements are included in self-government:

1. Representative body of territorial formation.
2. Local administration.
3. Head of territorial formation.
4. Supervisory authority.
5. Local administration.
6. Other structures that are provided for by the charter and are engaged in local government.

Moreover, the subjects of the first three points should be required. The local administration and the head are the executive bodies of local self-government in the Russian Federation, which are entrusted with the implementation of both general laws and decisions that are adopted by the representative body. It should stop here in more detail. The representative body of local government is elected. He has the right to represent the interests of the population, as well as make decisions on his behalf. It should be noted that the name of the representative body may vary depending on folk or historical traditions, such as a council, a thought, a gathering, a meeting, a council, and the like. It is so interesting that perhaps it is better to talk about it additionally.

Representative body

He deals with exclusive conduct. That is, the fact that it does not require public discussions, opinion polls, referenda. And these issues can be decided exclusively by the representative body. According to the current legislation, their list is as follows:

1. Adoption of the charter of a territorial entity, introduction of amendments and additions to it.
2. Approval of the local budget and reporting on its implementation.
3. Adoption of a plan and development programs, work with reports on their implementation.
4. The establishment, amendment and liquidation of local fees and taxes in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
5. Determining the order of disposal and management of property that is in municipal ownership.
6. Development of a decision-making approach for the creation, reorganization and liquidation of local institutions and enterprises, as well as the establishment of tariffs for their services.
7. Determining the procedure for participation in inter-municipal cooperation.
8. Decision-making on the resignation of the head of the territorial entity.
9. Determining the order of organizational and material and technical support for the activities of local government structures.
10. Monitoring the performance by officials of duties to resolve issues of territorial significance.

Please note that this is a minimum list of authority. They can be expanded in certain cases. But the restriction of authority is not allowed. Representative and executive bodies of local self-government work together for the benefit and prosperity of the municipality. When they have a lot of powers, their role and importance significantly increase.

Who forms the representative body

For most, the answer is simple and obvious - local deputies. But it is superficial. Let's take a closer look, examine the internal structure of the representative organ. It should be noted that what it will be depends on the local population. In the Russian Federation, as a rule, the following structure is observed:

1. Management link. Chairman He organizes the work of the representative body, and also leads the meeting. In addition, the chairman is entrusted with the duty of monitoring and ensuring the rules, signing decisions and minutes of meetings, as well as all other documents that are adopted by deputies. He also organizes the implementation of decisions, coordinates the activities of commissions and solves other issues that may be entrusted to him by a representative body or entrusted by law.
2. Temporary and standing commissions. They are developing proposals to subsequently consider at a meeting, prepare conclusions and drafts, assist local structures and deputies in the process of their work, and monitor the activities of the local administration.
3. Territorial structures (they are also deputy groups).
4. Political factions based on interests and / or ideology.
5. Working apparatus.

Representative and executive bodies of local self-government should closely interact to achieve a qualitative result. And now that we have prepared the theoretical basis, let's move on to a rigorous study of the main topic. Namely, we will study the system of executive bodies of local self-government. This will be the focus of the rest of the article.

What are they?

What is the organization of executive bodies of local government? What is their purpose? Executive bodies carry out executive and administrative and organizational and managerial functions. They work on the implementation of federal laws (subject) of the Russian Federation, as well as local regulations. According to the charter of the municipality, they are endowed with their own competence. In this case, it is necessary to highlight:

1. Local administration. If someone asks a question about executive and administrative bodies of local self-government, then it must come to mind first. Headed by the head of the municipality (administration). Engaged in the implementation of the legislative framework, the development of a draft budget, as well as its implementation. In addition, the administration manages municipal property. She also develops and implements programs for socio-economic development. Its structural elements include the leading link (in the form of the head and his deputies), the administration apparatus, committees, administrations and territorial structural units. It is the center of bureaucratic life of the municipality.
2. Head of local administration. The activities of the executive bodies of local self-government under its direct management on the basis of unity of command. He is personally responsible for the administration.All executive bodies of local self-government report to him. According to the charter of the municipality, it can perform such functions as the organization, formation and execution of the budget; management of institutions, organizations and enterprises that are owned by the territorial community; ensures the observance of the law, freedoms and rights of citizens, cancels legal acts of subordinate administration bodies; project development is organized; disciplinary measures are encouraged or disciplined.

More about the chapter

He also deserves attention. The federal executive body and local government needs control and direction from a skilled person. Therefore, several options for attracting it are being considered. So, the elected representative of the municipality may act as the head of the administration, or an individual with whom a contract is concluded may be involved. The first option is quite mundane and consists in the fact that we ourselves go and vote for a person. In the second case, a competition is held and a contract is concluded with its winner. In this case, a number of issues should be addressed, namely:

1. The order of the competition is determined.
2. The composition of the oversight committee is being formed. Moreover, 2/3 of its members come from the municipality, and another 1/3 from the legislative body of a higher subject of the Russian Federation.
3. A person is selected who will act as the head of the local administration.
4. The terms of the contract are approved.
5. The structure of the local administration is being formed.
6. The termination of the contract.

Now shift the focus of attention a little. The head of the municipality is the highest official. He is elected in municipal elections or by a representative body. It should be noted that he should not combine the status of the chairman of the latter and the head of administration. This is done to implement the principle of separation of powers at the local level. Although in rural settlements, a combination of their powers is allowed. Without the signature of the head, acts of the executive bodies of local self-government are invalid. In addition, he has a number of powers. We will now consider them.

What are the responsibilities of the head of the municipality?

The powers of the executive bodies of local self-government, as a rule, are fairly well described in their name. The head must follow everything. So, his duties include:

1. Represent a municipality during interaction with local governments of other territorial communities, state authorities, organizations, citizens. He can act on behalf of the settlement without a power of attorney. That is, to sign an agreement, express a position, etc., with the exception of cases stipulated by law or charter.
2. Issues, within the framework of its authority, the necessary legal acts.
3. May convene an extraordinary meeting of the representative body.
4. Signs and publishes in the prescribed manner normative acts that are adopted by local deputies.
5. Provides a solution and analysis of issues of local importance.

These powers belong to him no matter how he was elected and which body he heads. With the help of the charter, you can expand the list of his powers. Moreover, taking into account which body he heads - executive or representative. The head of the municipality reports and is under the control of the population of the territory, as well as the deputy corps. If there is a desire to receive certain explanations or to address some kind of problem, then certain reception days and hours are provided. Although if the settlement is not very large, then, as a rule, for the opportunity to communicate, it is enough to find him in the workplace.Also, citizens who want to work closely can form a public organization that will work with him.

A little more about the local administration

She is the center of life for the local bureaucracy. It is committed to adopting targeted acts of local government executive authorities and putting them into practice. Local administration is closely interconnected and is a single system that works to ensure work. It should be noted that the legislation does not provide for norms on the possibility of termination of its powers. This can only be done in relation to officials. It should be remembered that the local administration is a body of general competence with the rights of a legal entity. She executes the budget, and also submits for approval to the representative body a report on its implementation. The local administration has the responsibility to ensure the functioning of the housing and utilities sector, municipal transport, health care, culture, education and other organizations that are subordinate to them. It is also entrusted with the management and disposal of existing property. The local administration maintains a territorial cadastre, and also conducts a technical inventory of non / movable property. It can also act as a customer under a municipal contract (but only in the manner and cases that are established by the representative body). Thus, the entire need for the provision of services and the supply of goods for the municipal needs of the city is covered. If necessary, the local administration has the right to prepare and submit to the representative body draft legal acts, as well as practical recommendations on how to formalize the procedure. In case of need, colleges and working groups, public, expert and advisory councils may be created in the established manner, scientific organizations and individual specialists may be involved.

About municipal institutions and organizations

This is an important point that deserves close attention. The most common example is housing and communal services. How are housing and communal services priced? Most people think that everything is determined centrally. This is true, but in part. Federal centers of power can set a maximum and minimum fee for something. But specific indicators depend on local governments. So, if there is a lake with drinking water nearby, then you can take water from it and serve it in people's homes. It will be relatively cheap. If there is nothing like this nearby, then it has to be delivered from afar. And this requires money. And, accordingly, this leads to a rise in the cost of the services provided. But housing and communal services is not the only example of the influence of local authorities on the quality and cost of our lives. In addition, they also have the organization of cultural events, a certain support of educational and medical institutions, as well as much more. Yes, for many this will come as a surprise - but many different aspects that cannot be moved for years can actually be successfully resolved at the local level. There are quite extensive possibilities for this. In case the settlement cannot provide for itself on its own, such an instrument as decentralization of powers and budget allocation was invented. So, the size of certain types of taxes, the percentage of the amounts that go to the central treasury and what remains to be used for the benefit of the settlement, depends on regional and local authorities. If it is urgent to implement a certain project, but there is no money for it, then it is practiced to appeal to higher budgets so that they finance the need. This is how the organization of executive bodies of local self-government is built.

Population control

Alas, it cannot be said that all people are subjects with a crystal clear conscience. Among the representatives of the executive branch, there are often unworthy representatives of the human race who abuse their position. What needs to be done to prevent this from happening? In this case, control helps. A person can independently turn to officials from time to time in order to obtain information of interest to him and draw relevant conclusions. Quite often, association in groups and public organizations is found to together more actively and fully monitor the situation. And what if a violation has been identified? In such a case, there is the eye of the sovereign - the prosecutor. And if you identify abuse, you must contact her. Of course, it is very advisable to back up your words with at least some evidence that allows the prosecutor's office to quickly bring the matter to its logical conclusion.