The work that is carried out by public servants requires each specific preparation, behavior, individual qualities, communication characteristics.
Importance of the issue
In the specialized literature, both domestic and foreign, the question of the presence of certain qualities among civil servants is covered quite widely. This is due to the fact that the specification of the requirements that representatives of this category must meet is of great importance both in theory and in practice. Firstly, this is necessary for a more thorough selection of a candidate for a certain position. Secondly, the civil servant himself must also know what qualities are necessary in his work, and if they are present with him, then it is likely that, by cultivating himself and continuously learning at the workplace, he will also develop other necessary qualities.
Requirements for a civil servant in the USSR
The legal literature of the Soviet era distinguished business, political and moral qualities.
Business Feature List:
- the presence of managerial training and general education consistent with the job profile;
- experience (this is due to position), work experience;
- good organizational skills;
- initiative, creativity;
- steady working capacity;
- constant striving to improve their professional skills. There were still certain requirements for the behavior of civil servants.
Some of these qualities are rather difficult to characterize or consolidate in the normative order. If the first two can be confirmed by certain documents about education or entries in the work book, then the remaining qualities in an objective way are very difficult to confirm.
Until the early nineties, requirements for civil servants were not reflected anywhere normatively, since the country did not have a single legal act on civil service. 
Classification of the qualities of a civil servant G.V. Atamanchuk
The following classification belongs to G.V. Atamanchuk, highlighting the qualities of two levels for the development of public administration personnel.
one). The initial or primary qualities that a candidate for a public position must possess. They imply the following aspects:
- general cultural, including attitudes, values and goals, experience in communicating with people, aesthetic, ethical skills, speech culture;
- professional, business, that is, awareness of the intricacies of management in a specific area of public life, proven in practice labor activity, discipline, experience of state and public work, awareness of responsibility for the results of work, skills to improve their skills;
- personal, including honesty, stability in matters of morality, independence, highly developed will, initiative, reliability, decisiveness and sociability.
There were also qualification requirements for civil servants.
2). Formed directly in the process of carrying out public activities, career advancement, and experience:
- general cultural: thorough knowledge about the history of your country and the main intellectual achievements of our time, a high level of oratory, the ability to conduct events of a mass nature, leadership qualities and responsibility for them, the ability to think large-scale;
- business: organization, the ability to set the direction of others' activities and exercise control over it, consistent and persistent problem solving, orientation in social and scientific and technical achievements, their application in practical activities;
- personal: adherence to one’s own principles, masculinity, persuasion skills, ability to confront personal gain; ideal behavior in various situations.
Of course, this list of qualities is incomplete. Each person can have a different combination of these characteristics.
And what requirements are now being put forward for civil servants?
The requirements of the modern period
Today, civil servants are presented with requirements due to the place of the state body in which they work and the specifics of their activities in a particular position.
In modern Russian legislation, qualification requirements for this category of persons are fixed normatively. They relate only to the sphere of employee qualifications, and therefore do not depart from the principle of the Constitution on the accessibility of civil service for all citizens.
The appearance of such a right in the text of the country's main law means not only compliance with international legal norms, but also a break in relations with the long-term existence of nomenclature posts, which were affected by such restrictions as data in the questionnaire (membership in a party, social status, nationality, etc. ) or moral stability and political literacy, which have a fairly arbitrary interpretation.
Requirements for official behavior of a civil servant must be adhered to steadily.
Sharing right
The right to equal access to civil service for all citizens is one of the democratic rights that are a guarantee that stops the bureaucratization of the state apparatus and prevents it from becoming a force independent of civil society.
The provision of general access should contribute to the renewal of the civil servants' apparatus so that it does not become a closed caste. At the same time, this right does not need to be interpreted literally, that is, as the possibility of any citizen to apply for a public position at any time. To prevent such an interpretation, constitutional norms were specified. In addition to other principles of civil service, the principle of equal access for all citizens has been approved, if there are appropriate skills and professional training.
So, let us consider in more detail the requirements for public servants.
Who can become a civil servant?
In the Russian Federation, adult citizens who speak the state language, have the appropriate professional education, and are suitable for all parameters established for civil servants have the right to enter the civil service. At the same time, there can be no advantages or restrictions due to racial, nationality, gender, language, state of property, official position, origin, religious or other beliefs.
The current socio-political situation in the country puts forward special professional requirements for civil servants, since the intellectual abilities, quality of the apparatus and the activities of its employees have a direct impact on the authority of the state.
Competence and Professionalism
In addition to the general access of citizens to the civil service, the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of the Civil Service of the Russian Federation” also enshrines such an important principle as the competence and professionalism of civil servants. It implies deep knowledge in the relevant field of public life, as well as the availability of training in managerial theory, knowledge of rights and their application in the field of their activity.
What other requirements for a civil servant position are known?
For a long period in our country there was no statutory mandatory requirement that civil servants have the appropriate education and work experience in their specialty. For the first time this was mentioned in the Federal Law "On the Foundations of the Civil Service of the Russian Federation."
Basic requirements
The requirements from this list apply to:
- degree of professional education depending on specialization and type of public office;
- experience, experience in their specialization;
- knowledge of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, laws of the federal level, charters, constitutions, laws of subjects related to the position.
The ethical requirements of a public servant are of no small importance.
Additions
These requirements are basic in the list of professional characteristics of a civil servant. Depending on the place, conditions, time of activity of any state body, they are supplemented by other requirements, such as: competence in their field, possession of special knowledge. There is a worldwide trend towards an increase in the requirements for qualifications of civil servants. The demand for high scientific and professional qualifications becomes commonplace.
The only thing that should determine the choice of candidates for a public position is the presence of the qualities that are necessary for their duties, as well as the necessary level of professional training.
We examined the requirements for public servants.