Within the framework of the economy of a particular state, various organizations carry out their activities. At the same time, budgetary institutions have a special structure and purpose.
What are budget organizations
Speaking of budgetary institutions, it is worthwhile to understand that these are organizations that were created by state authorities or local governments.
Their goal is the implementation of socio-cultural, managerial, scientific, technical and other functions that are non-commercial in nature and funded by the state budget. As such financing, an estimate of income and expenses is used.
Signs of a budget institution
In order to accurately determine which organizations are budgetary, it is necessary to focus on certain signs:
- The founders are the bodies of subjects and state power of the Russian Federation, as well as local authorities. In turn, various business entities, such as cooperatives and joint-stock companies, are not able to create budget organizations.
- As a key goal of creating such an organization, only non-commercial functions should be displayed in the documentation. But this does not mean that the provision of paid services is prohibited, as well as the receipt of certain income. The bottom line is that quite a lot of budgetary institutions through the implementation of various types of paid activities receive the funds necessary for sustainable development. But, as mentioned above, making a profit cannot act as the main task of an institution of a budget type.
- The basis of financial planning is the estimate of income and expenses. This document should be completed before the start of the fiscal year. Accounting in budgetary organizations also involves drawing up a balance of the executive budget at the end of the reporting period.
- Financing of a budgetary institution should be carried out from the resources of the state or municipal budget. But interesting is the fact that state funding does not yet make the organization budgetary. The fact is that this type of financing can be carried out in relation to some commercial structures. We are talking about large purchases of certain goods to ensure state and municipal goals, as well as subsidies, subsidies, subventions and other types of financial support.
Thus, the status of a budget organization is assigned to that institution that combines all the above characteristics.
Types of budget organizations
Such institutions may have some differences, which allows them to be classified in a certain way.
If we take into account the functions that budget organizations perform, we can distinguish the following types:
- Judicial branch. These are the supreme, constitutional, supreme arbitration courts, as well as the courts of general jurisdiction.
- Local and state government. This group includes the Committee on military-technical cooperation with other states, the Federal Bankruptcy and Financial Recovery Service, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, etc.
- International activity. These are representative offices abroad and embassies.
Budget organizations can be divided depending on the source of funding:
- Due budgetary funds subjects of the Russian Federation.
- At the expense of the federal budget.
- Funded through local budget resources.
Budget Organization Accounts
In order for such institutions to fully use the funds allocated from the state budget, they need to open special accounts. This is done in the Federal Treasury. In commercial banks, budget institutions do not have the right to service their accounts. This provision is clearly defined by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
At the same time, each recipient of funds from the local or state budget, being a federal budgetary organization, can use and receive funds from profitable activities only subject to appropriate permission from those structures that act as a source of funding.
There are also separate accounts on which accountable funds are used that are used for expenses on business trips, transport, utilities, labor remuneration and other needs.
Accounting for cash documents
In this case, we are talking about the situation when the budgetary funds of the organization are used for advance payment. We are talking about cards and coupons for paying for oil and gasoline. Monetary documents include stamps of state duty, permits to sanatoriums and rest houses, which were paid by a state institution, food stamps, etc.
As accounts for accounting for such documents, it is worth considering incoming and outgoing cash warrants, which, in turn, are subject to mandatory accounting in the appropriate journal.
These documents and data on their accounting are in the cash desk of a budget organization, which is annually inventory.
Basic accounting requirements
Initially, the law “On Accounting” should be taken into account. It contains the main requirements regarding the accounting form of a budget organization:
- property that is the property of the organization must be accounted for separately from the property of other legal entities located in this institution;
- accounting in budgetary organizations is carried out only in rubles;
- record keeping should be mandatory and continuous from the moment of registration of the institution to the moment of its final liquidation;
- any results of the inventory and business operations must be recorded in the accounts in a timely manner;
- primary accounting documents drawn up at the time of the business transaction or immediately after its completion can be considered as the basis for fixing in the accounting registers;
- separately take into account those costs associated with capital investments or production.
Objects and tasks of budget accounting
Under this type of accounting is understood as the accounting of the estimated costs of the institution and the budget executor.
The following categories can be distinguished as objects on which this type of accounting is oriented:
- cash stored in banks;
- reserves and funds created in the budgets during their execution;
- expenses and budget revenues;
- material assets of institutions;
- funds in settlements between budgets.
This type of accounting is used as a means of monitoring the budget execution process and allows rational distribution of national income in order to expand reproduction.
Budget accounting has certain tasks:
- revealing additional income and raising funds to the budget;
- property protection;
- adherence to a strict regime of economy and fiscal discipline when spending the resources of the institution.
What should the accounting service of a budget organization do
Organization of budget accounting in an institution funded by the state implies a reflection of all business transactions and property valuation. If a accounting policy compared with the previous reporting period will change, then this fact must be confirmed by relevant documents in the financial statements.It is also important to ensure that the expenses and revenues of the organization are correctly correlated with respect to the reporting periods.
Accounting should also perform such a task as monitoring the implementation of estimates, the safety of inventory, cash, as well as the status of settlements with creditors and debtors.
Budget institutions, as you can see, are significantly different from commercial organizations. Moreover, they are focused on fundamentally different tasks.
