What is ONE? The abbreviation means "common household needs." Everyone knows that some communal resources go directly to the apartments, and residents pay all bills individually. The other part goes to the maintenance of the whole house. Residents are also required to pay this bill.
ONE Electricity
Consider what common house needs may go into electricity.
- The lighting supplied to the common areas is the landings, vestibules and the adjoining territory.
- Energy from intercoms.
- Energy from elevators.
- Other electrical equipment that is used for the home (video surveillance, pumps, auto heat control, equipment of Internet providers, fire fighting equipment and equipment for removing smoke and so on). Each house has its own set of electrical equipment.
- Losses of technological importance in the networks inside the house.
What is ONE for water supply
Payment is made for cold and hot water supplied for consumption at home.
For cold water, the following costs may apply:
- washing of landings;
- garbage chute washing;
- washing utility networks;
- network losses inside the house.
For hot water, costs such as:
- discharge of water in the riser during battery repair;
- pressure testing of the heating system;
- strait in preparation for the cold season;
- technological losses inside the house.
House losses are of the following types:
- technological;
- commercial.
Let us consider in more detail each of the types of occurrence of losses of communal resources.
Household technological losses
This type of loss is those associated with the transfer of a resource from a brownie counter to a specific consumer. Most of all, such losses are found in electricity and heat supply.
In an apartment building, they can reach up to 10-12 percent. This happens, for example, due to the loss of dielectric properties in the cables and wires in the house, as well as strong heating in the places of their connection.
With heat supply, the percentage has a wider range: from five to eighteen percent, depending on the state of the system. Thermal energy is consumed during the circulation of hot water.
It is clear that such ONE will have to pay the more, the older the house. The reason for this is the outdated norms and requirements, as well as the materials used.
Household business losses
This part is associated with those losses that occur in case of under-receipt of money for the provided resources. Of course, we are talking about theft. Some unscrupulous craftsmen resort to it to pay less for water or electricity.
On the other hand, the correct counter does not show completely accurate data. After all, accuracy is directly related to the threshold of sensitivity at which it begins to recognize the flow rate.
Meter Accuracy
According to the existing GOST, enterprises produce water meters of class A, B and C. The latter are the most accurate, but they are very expensive and few people buy.
Most often, devices with a passage of 15 millimeters (with a flow rate of 60 and 30 liters for classes A and B, and 15 for C) are purchased. If the costs are too small, then the meters are unstable.
If the water is too hard, then even the highest quality meter wears out quickly, and its sensitivity threshold shifts, and costs are considered to be increased. Up to seventy percent of the counters after 4-5 years of use do not pass the test (if any) and are considered unsuitable. At the same time, the loss of water for general needs increases by 30-40%.It is worth considering for those who want to save their expenses.
Calculation of ODN in a house with a common house appliance
If there is a common house metering device in the house (shortly OPU), the difference between the volume of the OPU and the readings of individual meters, as well as standard costs in those apartments where the meters are not installed, is considered. The difference is then distributed between the owners. In this case, the payment of ONE for a one-room apartment will be less than for a three-room apartment.
It is interesting that since June 2013 the size of charges on a common-house meter cannot exceed the standards. And if for an apartment building an amount is obtained that exceeds the established standards, then the difference must be paid by the contractor providing the utility service.
ONE in the house without metering device
In houses where a common house meter is not installed, water and electricity are calculated on the basis of which standard is ONE. And it, in turn, consists of a consumption standard multiplied by the area of property in common house ownership. The resulting number is distributed among the owners, taking into account the area occupied by them.
Example with and without OPU
For a better understanding, consider an example.
The twelve-story house has a total area of 3974.4 square meters. Residential premises are located on an area of 3839.1 square meters, and non-residential premises are located on an area of 135.3 square meters. Household property located on an area of 598.1 m².
We calculate ONE apartment with a living area of 51.5 m².
The OPU is 9946 kW / h, all IPUs are 7352 kW / h, and those apartments that pay according to the standards are 363 kW / h. Electric energy from the Internet provider “ate” 139 kW / h.
Settlement with profit and loss tax for this apartment is carried out in three steps as follows:
- (9946 kW / h - 139 kW / h - 7352 kW / h - 363 kW / h) = 2092 kW / h;
- 2092 * 51.5 m2/ 3974.4 m2 = 27.11 kW / h;
- 27.11 kW / h * 2.95 rubles / kW / h = 79.97 rubles.
If the OPU is absent, then the following calculation should be made:
- 2.013 kWh * 598.1 m² = 1203.98 kWh;
- 1203.98 * 51.5 m2/ 3974.4 m2 = 15.60 kW / h;
- 15.60 kW / h * 2.95 rubles / kW / h = 46.02 rubles.
It turns out that in the presence of a common house meter, but the lack of an individual, the ONE in such an apartment can turn out even less than according to the established standards.
How to reduce the amount of ONE
Reducing the amount of ONE is important for all residents of the house. And the tools used should be comprehensive. You need to understand that if some neighbor comes up with "tricky" ways to evade ONE into the water, for example, then he steals not only common money, but also your own money.
Usually in an apartment building from the initiative group a council of active residents is created. Decisions made in it, and interaction with management organizations can become a successful way of conducting common house affairs. Such advice is given sufficient authority, and it can identify violators, conduct educational work with them, report them to authorized bodies and control costs.
To reduce the cost of ONE, you must consider the following:
- timely submit meter readings in the apartment (from the 23rd to the 26th day of each month - although the rule is lifted, but if there is a common house meter this will affect the size of the ONE);
- install meters in all apartments and non-residential premises - then the payment will be made everywhere actual, and not according to standards;
- large losses can be associated with a malfunction of the cranes - they must be repaired;
- identify unauthorized connections of tenants and owners;
- replace wiring with a new one;
- carry out energy-saving measures;
- monitor the health of meters;
- Do not exceed the load on the network.
Having carried out such events, you can be sure that the payment for ONE will be significantly reduced.
From the article we learned what ONE is, what affects its size and how to make the payment for these expenses lower. It remains only to bring the action to life, and then the funds for this part of the costs will be significantly saved.
