The state exists in order to provide people with normal living conditions. Therefore, special attention in the management bodies is appealed by citizens. Their views are diverse. They are divided by subject and form. In order to achieve a positive reaction of a state body, you need to know how best to turn to it: write or call, make an appointment, or organize a collective complaint.
The response to each document is carried out in accordance with the law. Contrary to popular belief, experts cannot put it under the glass, throw away or destroy a single paper. The prosecutor’s office monitors how government organizations consider citizens ’appeals. The types of these documents are enshrined in the Constitution. Consequently, improper examination is considered a violation of the law.
What are citizens' appeals
Types of documents entering government bodies are diverse. You and I are interested in those whose authors are ordinary people. They go to power not only with complaints and problems, often citizens seek to convey to their superiors their suggestions for optimizing work and improving the quality of life of people. If you configure the work correctly, you can get a storehouse of useful information. But for this, it is necessary to clearly understand the concept and types of appeals of citizens.
People go to government agencies with various questions. Not all of them fall under the category of hits. In addition, the organization has the right to consider only those issues that are within its competence. This work is regulated by the Federal Law dated 02.05.2006 No. 59-ФЗ. The document describes which questions are considered official appeals and which should be considered in the usual way. The latter, by the way, are not many.
Just like that, citizens can communicate with each other. AT state institutions they go, having a serious reason. Most often, people write complaints about unsatisfactory, from their point of view, performance of duties. For example, the topic of appeals is non-payment of due money, poor service in the institution, refusal to issue any document.
Specialists are obliged to deal with each question concretely and on the merits, moreover, within the time limits established by law. Appeals of citizens, their types, the order of consideration are prescribed in the already mentioned law. Knowledge of its contents is mandatory for any public servant. Almost everyone has to deal with appeals. And improper work with them leads to sad consequences.
What types of appeals of citizens are described in the legislation
Work with people in all countries is considered the most difficult of those carried out by the state. It imposes special responsibility on specialists. Therefore, civil servants separately study the concept and types of appeals of citizens. They need to clearly understand how to respond to a particular paper, call, email.
Allocate the following types of citizens in content:
- sentence;
- statement;
- a complaint;
- petition.
People can enter into dialogue with the authorities both individually and collectively.Therefore, another concept has been introduced legally - the types of applications of citizens of the Russian Federation, having several authors. These documents have a different review procedure. These include:
- collective appeals;
- petitions.
These documents, as a rule, are compiled at a meeting of people, at a rally, in a work collective and are of a public nature. A petition, for example, is an appeal to the power structure with a proposal to carry out certain reforms and amend regional legislation. We will further analyze the separately listed appeals of citizens, the concept, types, procedure for consideration. But before that, you should find out who works with them. This must be understood both by citizens and employees of institutions.
Who is required to consider appeals
If an organization receives a stream of complaints, suggestions and other papers from the public, it makes sense to create a special structure for working with them. It carries out activities on the basis of a special document of the Regulation. It spells out what citizens ’appeals are, the concept, types, procedure for consideration on the basis of current legislation.
It is unacceptable to engage in amateur activity in this matter. Each appeal must go through all stages of paperwork in a timely manner. You must understand that the issue is strictly controlled. Specialists need to keep track of dates so as not to upset anything. The same is recommended for citizens. If they are not provided with an answer on time, you can complain about a violation of the law.
If the institution receives a few letters and calls from people, then work with them is entrusted to one person. His job description also describes that he is obliged to consider citizens' appeals, types, and features of doing business. In large organizations, the department (specialist) only controls the passage of the relevant papers. Responses to appeals are made by specialists whose responsibilities include resolving issues raised in appeals. For example, many departments and administrations are created in local governments. People can apply either directly to the structural unit or write in the name of the head. In any case, the answer is prepared by the employee of the department (department) to whose jurisdiction the topic of the statement belongs.
How to write an appeal
Let's move on to more practical issues. Not every paper will be accepted as circulation. The constitution guarantees citizens the right to apply to any bodies. But it must be drawn up accordingly. No one is required to respond to an anonymous letter. Therefore, any kind of citizens ’appeals: a proposal, a statement, a complaint - must be written in accordance with statutory provisions.
The paper should contain:
- The name of the institution or organization where the document is sent. It is advisable to indicate the address, name or position of the person whom the person is contacting.
- Your details. They consist of the full name, written and the address for the response. It is advisable to add a phone number in order to organize more efficient communication.
- Notification, if necessary, of forwarding the response.
- The essence of the appeal. It should be carefully thought out, made concise and informative, without excessive emotionality.
- The paper is signed by the originator personally. In addition, the date of destination should be indicated.
All specified items are binding. The citizen who draws up the document must be careful not to miss anything. In case of an error, his letter will not be considered by officials, classified as anonymous. Note that the legislation, analyzing the main types of citizens' appeals, does not insist that people indicate a phone number. Mandatory is only the address of his residence. However, practice shows that the availability of additional information improves the quality of work with the document.
How else can you interact with government agencies
In addition to written statements, other types (forms) of citizens' appeals are legislatively fixed. These include emails. They are also composed according to certain rules. You must also indicate the addressee, that is, the name of the institution, the position of the person to whom you are contacting or his name. Sign this document should be a real name and surname. Next, indicate the email address to which the response will be sent.
Today, almost all institutions have their own sites. If you want to write to the appropriate structure, you need to find a special form on this Internet resource and fill it out. There are already all required fields. In addition, in some cases, you can attach the necessary documents in electronic form to the letter.
So, for example, the site of the President of the Russian Federation works. Any citizen can not only send him a letter, but also track his progress through the services in a special office (virtual). When considering the types of appeals of citizens to state bodies, one cannot ignore a personal reception. This is a special form of interaction between the population and the authorities.
A citizen has the right to oral treatment. It is formulated during a personal reception, which is led by the head of the organization. In this case, the answer can be either oral or written. If additional checks and studies are not required, then the person is explained the situation immediately on the spot. When the essence of the question needs to be studied in detail, he is asked for details for sending the answer by mail.
We will deal with the essence of the document
It should be understood that the types of written appeals of citizens are different. When writing a document, it is necessary to compile it accordingly so that the specialists understand what is required of them. So, the complaint notes the facts of violation of human rights. It is necessary to clearly indicate what provision of the legislation and by whom has not been implemented. It is advisable to draw up a document as succinctly as possible, concentrating on the facts, omitting unimportant details.
In addition, complaints contain criticisms and suggestions. However, it is recommended to refrain from an emotional assessment of the work of employees of institutions, do not insist on their dismissal. Believe me, any appeal is considered in great detail. The head of the organization will deal with the punishment. It is up to the citizen to list the facts and ask for his rights to be restored.
An offer is a different form of appeal. It cites a person’s thoughts on improving the activities of state bodies, possibly supplementing current legislation. Sometimes people propose specific measures to improve certain areas of interaction between government and society. It is advisable in this document not only to criticize, but also to initiate specific ways to solve the problem.
A statement usually indicates a problem. It may be insufficient work of government agencies, violation of an individual's rights. Unlike the proposal, it does not contain a solution to the problem.
When they list the types of appeals of citizens to local self-government bodies, they do not always present a petition. It was introduced only in recent years. In it, a citizen asks to recognize his rights or benefits. The application must be accompanied by documents, which are the legal basis for such.
How to contact the municipality
It should immediately be said that the types of appeals of citizens to local authorities are exactly the same as described above. They are subject to federal and regional laws. That is, a citizen can safely write complaints, proposals or petitions and send them to the municipality. True, there are some features of this type of communication with the authorities.
It is necessary to find out what is the procedure for considering appeals. In different organs, it is formed separately. In order for the application to be considered quickly and at a more serious level, you need to write in the name of the head.As a rule, such papers are treated very carefully. Do not forget that the types of appeals of citizens to local governments are the same as to federal institutions. That is, sometimes it is better to go to a personal reception to the head, having with you an already written statement. Agree, getting to a municipal official is easier than going to the president. You need to use your rights to get things moving. If the leader does not want to accept you, there are special bodies whose duties include monitoring the exercise of citizens' rights. Do not forget the prosecutor’s office.
Special cases
It must be understood that in the communication of power structures with the population there are some nuances. This is reflected in the law. It describes the features of the consideration of certain types of citizens' appeals. These include, for example, repeated statements. Their consideration should be taken more carefully both to the one and the other side. A citizen should know that his repeated appeal on the same issue will remain unanswered. Such a reaction is legislatively fixed.
If the answer does not satisfy, it is recommended to indicate in the repeated appeal what exactly does not suit and ask for clarification. In addition, the legislator regulates other features, taking into account all types of appeals of citizens. If an application has been received from a large team (more than thirty people), it must be considered with a field visit. Anonymous letters are allowed to leave unanswered. Electronic calls also have their own characteristics. If the applicant asks, then the answer can be sent to him by mail. They also act when a person does not indicate his email address.
About terms and responsibility
For the employee considering the appeal, these are the most important issues. Here the legislation is entirely on the side of the citizen. The terms of consideration are described very clearly and strictly. A response must be sent to the applicant within thirty days of registration.
This norm can be violated only in one case when additional, reasonable time is required for consideration. The head of the institution solves this issue. And an interim response is sent to the applicant to keep him informed. The term is counted from the moment of registration of the appeal. It is also regulated by law.
If the appeal is urgent, it must immediately be entered into the journal and taken to the head. The rest are registered during the day. Each appeal must have a management resolution. As a rule, this task is for employees to prepare an answer. The clerical service registers in a special journal all the stages of the document. That is, everything is fixed: who is charged with answering where the appeal is. At any time, the responsible person must report to whom the paper itself is currently under consideration.
There are complex statements that are sent to different specialists to prepare an answer. Then one person from the group is appointed responsible for him. That is why it is necessary to clearly know what the concept is, the types of appeals of citizens. Administrative law implies strict liability for violation of the law in this part.
Personal reception of citizens
You should not assume that oral appeals are not tracked as strictly as written ones. The law spells out the procedure for their execution. It is just as strict and accurate as when receiving documents on physical or electronic media. All appeals are registered in the journal or in a special card. If the issue was decided immediately during the conversation, the decision is briefly recorded in the same document.
In the case when the appeal cannot be considered quickly, it should be made in writing. The applicant is invited to draw up a document. He is treated as usual. All stages of the passage of paper are controlled by the clerical service.
Citizens going to see their superiors should remember that they will have to prove their identity. It is written in the law, and it is difficult to circumvent this item. Take your passport with you so that there are no problems.
In addition, it is necessary to formulate in advance the essence of the appeal. The specialist will ask you what came with. It is not necessary to convey the whole problem to him, but you will have to name the type of appeal: a complaint, proposal, motion or application. A clear wording of the meaning of why you need a meeting with the leader will allow you to determine this. In addition, understanding the essence of the problem will help convey it clearly and concretely. And this, in turn, will help specialists give a reasoned and concrete answer.
What to do if they do not respond to the appeal?
As a rule, government agencies quite quickly consider citizens' applications. Rarely does one go unanswered, albeit formal. But such cases also occur in practice. Citizens should be mindful of their rights and the constitutional responsibilities of services. Do not want to work, for the first time go to the head and please. This is a normal reaction to the dishonesty of public services. Do not want to talk with you - go to the prosecutor. The duties of this body include oversight of the implementation of legislation regarding the consideration of citizens' appeals. Write a statement and wait for an answer.
Today, work with appeals is at a high level. In almost any institution, up to the highest, you can write a letter on the Internet. Use this wonderful right without hesitation. But, if you decide to complain, stock up with documentary evidence of a violation of the law. For example, when you contact the municipality, ask that you include an incoming number on a copy of the document. With this paper, it is easier to find the truth in the prosecutor's office or with a higher boss.
If the response to the appeal did not work, do not write the same again. You need to be creative in communicating with the authorities. Ask them for more information, explanations, and so on. If you duplicate the complaint, no response will be given. Legislation allows to ignore the repeated appeal of the same citizen if the topic has not changed.
Conclusion
We briefly examined the types of appeals of citizens. Believe me, this is a very voluminous and nuanced issue. Each case is individual. It is impossible to generally describe all the problems that arise. It's no secret, sometimes we demand answers from the authorities to questions that cannot be resolved. Any nuance must be disassembled in detail. And it is advisable to do this not in confrontation, but in cooperation with government officials. Laws, in any case, are written in that spirit. But people, what can you do, make their own adjustments to their implementation.
