The daily intake is dietary rules that allow you to maintain health throughout life. A person is obliged to maintain a certain energy balance, to use a balanced and varied diet, to observe a meal regimen.
Let us dwell in more detail on some important aspects regarding the standards of consumption of nutrients, water, and energy resources. These issues are relevant today, as the comfort and safety of a person’s life depends on the correct consumption of nutrients, water consumption.
Negative consequences
Consumption allows you to avoid nutrient deficiencies in the body. With an imbalance in a person, various microbial infections appear, metabolic processes are disrupted, and the state of health worsens.
It is unhealthy diet that is a prerequisite for the development of the following problems:
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cancers (of the gastrointestinal tract, mammary gland), which are provoked by increased consumption of salt and fats, the presence of carcinogenic components in the products (nitrosamines, nitrates, benzopyrenes);
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cardiovascular pathologies associated with an increased amount of cholesterol in the blood;
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disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, which is due to deviations in the functions of the intestinal microflora, as well as a lack of dietary fiber in consumed foods;
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osteoporosis regarding changes in the amount of calcium in the bones of the elderly;
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obesity, which is caused by an increased amount of alcohol, fat with minor physical activity.
Main problems
If the norm of consumption of the most important compounds is not observed, then this leads to an imbalance of nutrients. The results of statistical studies conducted in our country indicate that in our time as common eating disorders can be considered:
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excessive consumption of animal fats;
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lack of fatty unsaturated acids;
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animal protein deficiency
How to solve a similar problem? For this, a daily food intake rate should be developed that takes into account living conditions and nutritional status. It is also necessary to pay attention to the state and national characteristics of a particular country.
The situation in the Russian Federation
In Russia, the consumption rate was developed by the Institute of Nutrition RAMS, approved by the Chief Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation. The standards of physiological requirements for nutrients and energy are presented in tables, which can be found even in a school biology course.
The rate of consumption per person of products depends on age, gender, place of residence. For example, in older people, physiological demands in nutrients and energy are significantly reduced.
With an increase in living standards, the need for energy costs should decrease. That is why the protein intake rate is significantly different for residents of America, Western and Eastern Europe.
Preventive measures
Due to a decrease in the human body's energy needs, a reduction in the amount of food used to return energy costs, it is important to increase the ratio of minerals and vitamins in a product to its energy value. Among such measures, there are:
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fortification (enrichment of classical food products with nutrients);
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consumption of vitamin-mineral and multivitamin complexes with food.
Nutrition hygiene is the science of the principles and patterns of optimal nutrition for a sick and healthy person. Its functions include the development of scientific foundations and the implementation of practical measures to optimize the nutrition of different population groups, as well as the sanitary protection of raw materials and resources at the stages of their processing.
The consumption rate is developed taking into account climatic conditions, the nature of the activity, age, gender. Rational is considered nutrition, which traditionally for a family of a certain nationality has developed on the basis of natural conditions, as well as cooking methods.
Electricity Standards
What are they in 2018 in our country? To begin with, electricity consumption norms are a certain amount of electricity consumption per person by the population established by Russian law.
Electricity is classified as the first category of housing and communal services, since a sufficiently large amount of modern equipment operates only thanks to this type of energy. Since January of this year, for people who live in their own home, new standards for the consumption of electric energy per person have come into effect. Compared to 2017, they increased by 10%. Similarly, the government encourages ordinary citizens to purchase and install meters in apartments. Its presence is a guarantee of significant savings in material resources of citizens, as well as energy resources of the country. Consumption rates depend on the region in which citizens live, on the area of the house, on the load of appliances.
Relevance
The indicator of the norm of electricity consumption is needed to achieve the following goals:
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reduction of electric energy costs;
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accountability of payment to the general population;
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increase the responsibility of management companies.
It refers to the consumption rate of all citizens of the Russian Federation, regardless of the purpose of the use of electric energy (commercial or household).
The social norm is established in certain situations:
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in case of failure of the electric meter;
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when transmitting meter readings with a significant delay;
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upon detection of intentional damage to devices;
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in the absence of an accounting node.
When establishing standards for electricity consumption, all emerging issues are governed by certain legislative acts:
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Federal Law "On Electricity Saving".
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Federal Law "On Heat Supply".
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By order of the Government of the Russian Federation on measures relating to the transfer of the population to the norms of consumption of utilities.
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Regional regulatory documents.
For example, in Moscow, for citizens who raise a disabled child, consumption standards for houses with gas / electric energy are 45 and 80 kW / h, respectively.
In order to save energy resources, it is necessary to choose electrical appliances with an economical consumption class - A. You can also reduce costs by placing the refrigerator in a dark place remote from heating appliances. In the framework of the program aimed at energy saving, it is proposed to replace conventional incandescent bulbs with energy-saving ones.
Water resources
What is the norm of water consumption per person in the Russian Federation? It depends on the region. Since in different places of our country the population density per square meter differs significantly, that is, differences in the volume of consumption, as well as in the cost of one cubic meter. In the calculations, tenants and homeowners in whose apartments metering devices are installed are taken into account.
The norms of water consumption without a meter are determined by subtracting from the total amount of the consumed resource. Then the resulting volume is divided between those residents who do not use metering devices.
Application options
The rate of water consumption without a meter per person is relevant in the following situations:
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if there is no collective water meter in a residential building;
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in the absence of information on meters for more than 6 months;
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if the counter is broken or the verification deadline has ended.
The rate of water consumption per month differs in different cities. For example, for Ufa this indicator for 1 person is 12.15 m3 by hot water, 57.16 m3 on cold water.
What do you need to know?
It is difficult to determine some average value for the country. That is why the norm of water consumption per person per month is set taking into account several important indicators at once, such as:
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climate of the territory;
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the presence (absence) of modern equipment;
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seasonality.
For example, the average consumption rate for apartments in which there is no bathroom is about 160 liters per day. If there is a bathroom with cold water, this figure increases to 230 liters. For centralized hot water supply, the norm ranges from 230-250 liters per day.
Interesting Facts
There are several ways to reduce water consumption through the use of certain household appliances. So, using a dishwasher, you can reduce water consumption by 10%. Approximately the same allows you to save the use of a two-button flush tank on the toilet.
It turns out that in 1998 a legislative act was adopted in the country that established the norm for citizens to consume cold water. This indicator was estimated at 6.935 m.3 per month per person. Currently, it can be changed by decision of the regional administration, but can not be more than 2 times.
In housing and communal services, the standard of cold water per 1 person is calculated by the following factors:
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approximately 20 liters for washing in the shower;
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200 liters for the bath;
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consumption from the mixer is 200 liters per week;
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260 liters is spent from the drain tank;
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800 liters annually make up other types of cold water consumption.
To determine the rate of consumption of hot water, it is taken into account that its consumption is significantly lower. In legislative norms, its indicator is estimated at 4.745 m3 per month. This figure, similar to that for cold water, can be increased by 2 times. Calculate the standard for hot water, taking into account the number of residents registered in the apartment (house). If there are no owners, then there is no spending hot water, therefore, this payment will be absent in the receipt.
Let's summarize
Man is a social being. For a normal life and activity, he needs certain resources: water, electric energy, food. If the consumption of a certain amount of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, water contributes to the normalization of metabolic processes, positively affects the state of human health, then the standards for the consumption of water and energy resources allow the state to save a significant amount of mineral resources.
After the norms were introduced in the housing and utilities sector, the situation has significantly changed for the better. The population began to understand the charges for the consumed resources, and the management companies were able to set tariffs for the consumption of water and electric resources by the population on a legal basis.