Socio-economic rights and freedoms had to be won for a long time. This process has truly stretched for centuries. But even now it cannot be said that there is absolutely everything that we would like. But you need to know at least what has already been received. In addition, the process of obtaining rights and freedoms must have a certain basis. For example, economic or mental. No way without it.
Introductory information
What are the main socio-economic rights and freedoms recognized in our society? Here you can refer to the most important document - the Constitution. It provides and guarantees to everyone:
- Rights and freedoms as the highest value that belongs to a person from the moment of his birth.
- Exercise without violation for other persons. All are equal before the current law and the court.
- Priority of existing international norms to the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation.
- Equality of men and women.
- Strictly defined conditions, due to which restriction of rights is possible.
What are these reservations? At the same time, the protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen should not be used to forcibly change the current constitutional order, incite national and racial hatred, as well as violence and war.
Bureaucratic moments
Let's look at some particularly interesting nuances:
- Rights of a citizen. By this is meant the collective will of society, the fulfillment of which should be ensured by the state. This is exclusively an institution of citizenship. It is used to establish a special legal relationship.
- Human rights. These are inalienable, materially stipulated, guaranteed by the state and inseparable opportunities for an individual to have and use specific benefits: social, economic, political, civil and cultural.
- Human freedom. In fact, these are the same rights, but with certain features. First of all, this means non-interference by state and other social actors. That is, the possibility of making your own choice.
The task of the state is to guarantee their implementation, while reducing the adverse results of the intervention. But how to implement it?
Socio-economic rights of freedom of a citizen of the Russian Federation: general information
They are listed in the Constitution. Conventionally, they can be combined into two groups:
- Natural rights and freedoms. These are those that a person possesses from his birth, regardless of what level of development of civilization.
- Emerging Rights and Freedoms. Associated with the development of society and the state.
It must be remembered that all people are equal before the law. This means that neither gender, nor language, nor property status, position, place of residence is taken into account. For example, the right of citizens to education is enshrined and fulfilled regardless of whom they are talking about.
About duties
A necessary condition for the exercise of rights and freedoms is the performance of a legal duty. The basic law indicates only a limited range of responsibilities. What is meant by them? Under the legal obligation understand the social need for a specific human behavior, which is established by the state. According to the Constitution, these include:
- Compliance with the regulatory framework.
- Payment of established taxes and fees.
- Preservation of nature and the environment, respect for natural resources.
- Caring for children, as well as for disabled parents.
- Get a basic secondary (general) education.
- Defense of the Fatherland.
- Caring for the preservation of cultural and historical heritage, preserve historical and cultural monuments.
In full, rights and obligations can be used from eighteen years.
List
And now let's look at what kind of socio-economic rights of freedom of a citizen of the Russian Federation are provided. In short, this is:
- The right to private property.
- Freedom of labor.
- Home.
- The right to do business.
- Medical assistance and health care.
- The right to social security.
Very important are economic rights. Their guarantee creates the prerequisites for citizens to freely choose the areas in which they will make labor efforts, increase their well-being, and create the basis for the realization of personal, social, political and cultural freedoms. But they do not need to be considered as something separate. Social rights are closely intertwined with them. They are designed to provide a decent standard of living for a person, as well as ensure his social security. Here we can mention social insurance, pensions, housing, medical care, the right to rest, motherhood. Let's look at them in more detail.
Economic rights
Among the most significant include:
- Private property right. Everyone can individually, collectively own, dispose and use any property. The owner may be deprived of it solely by decision of the court. The Criminal Code does not provide for the confiscation of property for offenses. And nationalization is generally excluded from the law. In this case, the compulsory alienation of private property for state needs is allowed only in the case of preliminary equivalent compensation.
- The right to inherit. Closely related to paragraph 1 and is concomitant to it. Also guaranteed by the state.
- The right to business. Everyone can try to build their own company. But if you do not stoop to unfair competition and do not monopolize the market.
Here it is necessary to mention the right to work. During the Soviet Union, this was provided for citizens. But now, when there are other employers besides the state, the right to work has been replaced by freedom. What does this mean in practice? A person can work or stay idle, he is free to choose a profession and work. Forced operation is prohibited.
Social rights
They are designed to provide assistance to people in society. The following points should be mentioned here:
- The right to education. It is guaranteed by the free and universal access to preschool, basic general and secondary vocational education. You can get it at state and municipal specialized institutions, as well as at enterprises. Although the Russian Federation also provides for the existence of a network of private educational organizations. But at the same time, all of them must comply with the established federal state standards, which put forward the same requirements for all.
- The right to housing. It lies in the fact that no one can be deprived of their place of residence in an arbitrary manner. But at the same time, the state does not assume the responsibility of providing each person with housing, although it creates an incentive for those involved in it.
- The right to medical care. Everyone can count on health protection, as well as help. To do this, various federal programs are financed, compulsory health insurance is being introduced, and the creation of a private health system is being encouraged. In addition, activities aimed at improving human health, developing physical culture and sports, maintaining and improving sanitary-epidemiological and environmental well-being are also encouraged.
- The right to social security. It reflects the social character of the state. In this case, it is envisaged to create conditions that will ensure a decent life and the opportunity for a person to freely develop.
- The right to rest. The state guarantees that everyone can use a certain time to restore their strength. For example, weekends and vacations are just from this sphere.
Is this all true?
Socio-economic rights and freedoms of man and citizen are good, but here the question arises of their implementation. Here you can conditionally divide them into two groups. The first includes the so-called privileges, that is, the provision of benefits to individual members of society. These should be primarily socially vulnerable. But on the other hand, rights and freedoms are often declarative in nature. Formally, they are guaranteed, but the real implementation depends on the existing socio-economic situation and the material resources available to the state.
Interesting combinations
The freedom of entrepreneurial activity using one's own abilities and property creates, together with the right to private property, the legal basis of a market economy, which excludes the state’s monopoly on the organization of economic activity. In addition, mention should also be made of the protection of the family, motherhood and childhood. Since the creation of a family and the birth of children is not only a private, but also a public matter, it does not go without the attention of the state. This is expressed in the form of compensation and guarantees for pregnant women, with young children, people with family obligations and other similar moments.
Conclusion
So it is examined what are the socio-economic rights and freedoms of man and citizen. It should be noted that this sphere is not something settled, certain changes are constantly taking place in it. For example, take a topic with housing. Previously, the stake was placed on state support of citizens. Now the center of gravity has shifted. And the priority is the self-sufficiency of citizens with housing for themselves. Or take the right to health and medical care. A person can count on advisory support. This is done thanks to the budget. But its effectiveness largely depends on the quality of drug provision. In other words, how affordable professional pharmaceutical care is for a person. And this already depends on the thickness of the wallet. That is, not everyone is on an equal footing.