Today, the farming business is actively expanding and gaining popularity. With proper organization, the business brings a stable income and has great development prospects. At the moment, there is still not much competition in this area of entrepreneurship. The only thing that can restrain businessmen from investing is a long wait for profit. But from the experience of successful farmers, one can understand that the costs of developing such a business are justified. The main thing that is necessary is to have skills and professional knowledge in the field of agriculture.
Pig farm as a business
Pig production, as a rule, is a rather profitable business, since high-quality meat in the market always has a demand and a high margin. The simplicity of the technological processes of this kind attracts entrepreneurs. The whole point is raising animals and selling them.
At the stage of creating a business such as a pig farm, the plan for the sale of meat must be thought out in advance. It all depends on the size of the enterprise. If you plan to create a small pig breeding farm, you can sell the finished product yourself. In case of large production, it is necessary to find a place of sale, large distributors in advance, regularly pay taxes and provide a large package of documents for obtaining permits. The advantage of such a business is that you can start your own business with just a few guinea pigs and constantly increase momentum.
Pig-breeding farms and complexes can generate income not only from the main products (meat and lard), but also from the sale of blood, hides, etc. For a broader development, you can create a smokehouse. Smoked products have a longer shelf life and good demand among consumers.
The basic rules for opening pig breeding:
- find a feed purchase market;
- calculate the costs of starting a business and maintaining a pig farm;
- calculate all possible risks, ways to solve problems;
- involve veterinarians or livestock specialists.
Farm Profitability
Mumps are familiar in agriculture and extremely practical animals in the farming business. There are several arguments in favor of doing this type of entrepreneurship:
- Piglets are growing fast. For six months, the weight of the livestock increases to a centner.
- The sow produces 10-14 piglets at a time. For the year it can turn out 20-30 pcs. livestock (but the cow has only one calf per year).
- A pig uses feed much more productively (assimilates about 30%), and, for example, hens absorb only 20% of the feed.
The necessary documents for opening an enterprise
At the initial stage, most businessmen have a question: "How to open pig-breeding farms and complexes, what documents need to be drawn up?" Earnings on pigs is not an easy and responsible business, where you need to have on hand a full package of permits for activities.
First you need to decide in which area the pig farm will be located, since it is in this area that communication with officials will take place. The location of the future farm must be agreed with the district administration. To prove serious intentions to officials, you must have a ready-made business plan in hand. In most cases, the administration has a positive attitude towards the creation of new jobs. To do this, the authorities can arrange a land plot for business, help in obtaining public investment, and also assist with the registration of documents.
If the production of pigs is small, you can register your business as a personal subsidiary farm (LPH). In the case of large-scale livestock production, it is necessary to open individual entrepreneurship, it will also be necessary to pay a single agricultural tax. To open such a business, you must contact the following authorities: Rospotrebnadzor, fire and veterinary control, SES.
Farm organization
The organization of pig farming must be approached very seriously. Experts in this field argue that profitability depends on such factors:
- animal welfare;
- proper feeding;
- breed of piglets.
Such a business can be organized on your own land, where the minimum land area can be 50 acres. The site should be located away from residential buildings, so as not to interfere with local residents. In addition to the pigsty, a granary and a workshop are required.
Equipment and premises
After receiving all the necessary documents for permission to conduct business, the second step in creating a business will be the design of pig farms. This may be an old room, which will need to be repaired and equipped for a pig farm. A pig farm built from scratch is much more expensive.
If you plan to organize a farm for 100 or more pigs, you will need to hire workers who will take care of the livestock. Therefore, when drawing up a plan, it is necessary to allocate premises for office, production and laboratories. To accommodate 300 animals, approximately 5,000 m² are required.
The room should be clean, bright, without drafts and fully comply with sanitary standards. Much attention is also paid to the installation of specialized equipment. Buying the latest equipment, automated distribution of feed on pig farms will help create appropriate conditions for livestock. In the future, this will reduce costs to a minimum.
Most pig farms in Russia use equipment that is older than 20 years (equipment that has gone out of working condition). This leads to waste of feed, to an increase in the incidence in animals, etc. If the pig farm is fully automated, this will reduce the risk of livestock diseases and increase the company's income.
Necessary equipment for a pig farm
The mechanization of a pig farm is essential for building a successful pig business. Without technology and tools in such a business can not be worked out for a long time. At hand you need to have a hammer, crowbar, drill, nails, etc. Other necessary equipment for the purchase includes:
- grain mill;
- drinking bowls, feeders;
- truck.
Farm pig selection
Today, there are about a hundred breeds of pigs of various productivity, so when choosing a herd you need to think through everything well and make the right choice. Professionals who have been involved in a pig-breeding farm for more than a year recommend starting with buying about 400 pigs and pigs. Before buying, it is better to visit several farms, see the conditions in which the herd lives, and study the pedigree.
Most farmers today stop at raising Vietnamese pigs. Features of this breed:
- multiple pigs;
- high profitability of the business;
- livestock resistance to disease;
- bacon performance direction;
- the breed is in great demand.
When creating suitable conditions (a place for a spacious walking area and a warm room), Vietnamese pigs can bring good income to the enterprise. Due to its good fitness and many advantages, Siberian, northern and pig breeds of large white breed are popular among farmers.
Feeding and breeding piglets
In order for the company to generate income and quickly become profitable, it is necessary to think in advance of the cost reduction of feed for the herd.Only balanced mixtures for each age will lead to constant profit and prosperity of the business.
To work with sows and newly born piglets, you need to hire a responsible, knowledgeable staff. You also need to involve a veterinarian. Only qualified specialists with experience in the field of pig breeding will be able to help avoid mistakes during pig incidents, proper care for the sow during pregnancy and childbirth. All of these conditions will help reduce the risk of herd mortality.
Farm staff
Since this type of business needs professionals, it is extremely important to hire people who are knowledgeable in the field of agriculture. Helpers should know the features of caring for piglets. Also, the veterinarian must work in the pigsty. This will help preserve the livestock and avoid problems in case of infection or infection. In this activity, an accountant, manager and operator of pig-breeding complexes and mechanized farms will be needed.
Pig Farm Business Plan
When you base your business on pigs, you need to draw up a business plan. The following is an approximate calculation for 10 goals. For a year you can get about 40 goals of young animals. First you need to rent an old farm and carry out repairs. Hire a veterinarian and helper. Primary expenses include:
- company registration - about 12 thousand;
- farm repair - about 120 thousand;
- purchase of pigs - 240 thousand;
- purchase of equipment and other expenses - 118 thousand
The total amount of primary investments will be about 490 thousand rubles.
Current expenses:
- feeding - 540 thousand;
- rent - 660 thousand per year;
- salary to employees - 420 thousand;
- veterinary examinations - 55 thousand;
- payment of taxes - 150 thousand
Every year, investments in the business will be about 1 million 825 thousand rubles. In order for the piglets to gain the necessary mass (120 kilograms), it takes a year. As a result, 84 kg of pure meat from each individual will be obtained. The total income after the sale of meat will leave about 2 million 352 thousand rubles a year (real indicators can be much higher). Consequently, the profit will be about 527 thousand rubles per year, which will allow you to pay back your investments in just a few seasons.
Tips for successful entrepreneurs
Professionals who managed to succeed in organizing a home mini-farm gained vast experience in the farming business. Some tips for successful entrepreneurs:
- it is better to focus on two sources of income: the sale of young animals and fat, meat;
- only pedigree pigs should be bought;
- it is advisable to purchase livestock not from one breeder, but from several (so that there is no degeneration);
- dense pigs need to be fed to the maximum in order to get an income earlier;
- the profitability of the pig farm (we reviewed the typical project above) is about 25-30%.
Farm in the Stavropol Territory
The pig farm of the Stavropol Territory under the name "Guard" became the first enterprise in the framework of the national project "Development of the agro-industrial complex". Today it is one of the leading livestock farms in the city of Stavropol and is the most promising farm.
The first phase of the pig farm was introduced in September 2006. Her plans included an annual fattening of 80 thousand pigs. More than 600 million rubles were invested in the complex itself.
After the second stage was commissioned, the productive power of the Guardia limited liability company amounted to about 400 thousand heads per year. The total investment amounted to four billion rubles.
At the pig farm, domestic and foreign experts in this field work. With the help of laboratory tests, the safety of the products of the Guard company was confirmed.
In September 2010, the Guardia limited liability company commissioned a meat processing plant, which today is the largest meat processing plant in the North Caucasus Federal District.Slaughter capacity is one hundred and eighty pigs per hour and four hundred thousand pigs per year. This will allow producing up to 45 thousand tons of pork.
Today, the company manufactures primary meat processing and cutting products - semi-finished small-sized and large-sized, half-carcasses. In the future, they plan to produce meat products of deep processing with high added value.