Breeding of dairy and meat cattle - the livestock industry in our time, unfortunately, is not particularly cost-effective. However, with the right approach to business, it is still possible to get a relatively good profit from such an enterprise.
In order to set things up well, the farmer needs to take care of choosing the most suitable breed of cows, build a comfortable barn for the animals and provide them with high-quality feed. Also, a novice entrepreneur will need to draw up a detailed business plan for cattle breeding.
Where to start: enterprise design
Before starting the construction of the farm, the entrepreneur needs to take care of its legalization. Most often, such enterprises are registered either as KFK (peasant farm) or LPH (personal utility) or just as an IP. Register a cattle breeding farm should be a special code (livestock). In this case, taxes in the future will have to pay not too large. Currently, farmers consider KFK to be the most profitable type of registration. The owner of such an enterprise can also choose for himself the most suitable taxation system.
Rthe introduction of cattle dairy and meat in our time - livestock industries supported by the state as well. The owners of such an enterprise can even count on a little cash support (about 60 thousand rubles). Funds are allocated for the organization of the barn mainly to individual entrepreneurs. You can get money at the local employment service.
Area of activity
Most often, cows are bred in our country to get milk. However, sometimes these animals are kept for meat. Before starting the construction of the farm, the entrepreneur, of course, needs to decide on the direction of the business. If in the vicinity there are large enterprises for the production of sausages, stews and other similar products, it may make sense to organize a “meat” farm. Otherwise, it is better to focus on such a popular product as milk. Processing enterprises are available in almost every city in Russia.
Choosing a place for the farm
Making up cattle breeding business plan, this issue should also be given maximum attention. Place under the barn is needed choose the right one. Sarai dmust settle down, of course, at some distance from residential buildings and territories of settlements. Before buying a site or entering into a lease, you should make sure that there is water for the well in this place.
When choosing a land, the farmer should also consider the estimated number of livestock.. It is believed that one cow should account for:
perennial grass meadows - 0.5-0.7 ha;
annual and silage - 0.15-0.25 ha.
Also near the farm should be located agricultural enterprises involved in the cultivation of root crops and grain.
Staff
Breeding cows as a business is a complex matter. And alone it will most likely be impossible to cope with. In addition to building a barn and determining where to buy feed, an entrepreneur who has decided to breed cattle will also need to consider hiring workers for the farm. It is believed that an enterprise of this specialization cannot do without:
milkmaid;
Razo workers.
In some cases, the farm owner may also take on some of the responsibilities (accounting, marketing).
Profitability calculation
The cost of setting up a cattle farm is usually significant. So, the construction of the barn small sizes (for 7 cows and 3 bulls) will cost approximately at 200 thousand roubles. Pedigree adult animals cost about 200-300 rubles. per kilogram of mass. The weight of such cows is on average 700 kg. That is, for 10 animals will have to pay about 200 thousand rubles. Registration of entrepreneurial activity will cost about 20 thousand rubles. Thus, the actual organization of the farm will cost no less than 420 thousand rubles.
Breeding cattle in the milk direction of productivity, just like meat, also involves the cost of animal feed and employee wages.
Farmers usually buy about 40-45 thousand rubles of feed per cow. Thus, for 10 goals will have to spend 400-450 thousand rubles. Employees will need to pay:
one milkmaid - at least 15 thousand rubles. per month;
one handyman 13 thousand;
Total per month is approximately 28 thousand roubles., and in a year - 336 thousand roubles. That is, the cost of maintaining the farm per year will be 450,000 + 336 000 = 786 thousand rubles Also, the farmer will have to pay taxes (depending on the chosen scheme) and spend money on equipment repair.
When compiling a business plan for cattle breeding, you should also calculate the estimated income. They will depend on the value supplied to the product market. The price of a kilogram of milk at retail in the market is approximately 50 p. One pedigree cow can produce 4,000-6,000 kg per lactation. Consequently, when selling milk at retail with 7 animals per year, it will be possible to obtain about 1,750,000 p.
Based on these figures, it will not be difficult to approximately calculate the profitability of a dairy farm. The cost of keeping meat cows will be about the same. Income is determined taking into account the cost of a kilogram of meat. In the market for this product they ask on average 400 p. Weight bulls of carcass age is 500-800 kg (live). The meat yield in this case can be equal to 50-65%, that is, about 300 kg. Thus, the income per animal will be 120,000 p. With 10 gobies it will be possible to get 1,200,000 p.
Cattle Breeding Business Plan: Which Breed to Choose
So, the net profit from a cattle breeding farm of 10 animals per year can be approximately 500 thousand rubles. However, not every cow can produce 6000 kg of milk, and not every meat goby can gain 800 kg of weight. Therefore, the farmer who wants to make a profit from his enterprise should choose the breed in a responsible manner.
The most productive milk cows today, of course, is Holstein. With good care, such cows can produce up to 9 thousand kg of product per year. Also popular among Russian farmers are such breeds as:
red steppe;
black and mottled;
Kholmogorsk, etc.
All of these cows, depending on the conditions of detention, give 4-6 thousand kg of milk during lactation. Of course, it is most profitable to keep Holstein cows on the farm. However, livestock is, unfortunately, quite demanding in terms of care. Therefore, a novice farmer, most likely, should still choose the breed "simpler". In the future, it will be possible to think about buying holstein.
Breeding beef cattle will be the most profitable thing when choosing bull-calves:
Hereford;
Belgian
white aquitaine.
Construction of cattle breeding farms
The productivity of the cows will depend, among other things, on how good the conditions of keeping the owner will ensure. Therefore, the construction of sheds should be approached with all responsibility. The size of the farm is determined on the basis of the fact that per animal should be approximately 20 m3 free space. The barn plan should include:
stalls with manure, stern and transverse walkways;
feed preparation room;
rooms for storing equipment, vaccinations, staff.
The meat cattle farm should also be equipped with a mini slaughterhouse and a refrigerator compartment.
Of course, in the winter season, sheds should be heated. Therefore, in the barn it will be necessary to equip the boiler room.Also, the farm project should include a ventilation scheme for the premises.
To erect even a small barn for 10 animals on their own will, of course, be problematic. In any case, you will have to hire a construction team. For the construction of a large farm, experts may also be needed, ready to draft a barn for a fee.
It is believed that inexpensive foam blocks are best suited as a material for building a farm. Also on the market today there are also ready-made cowsheds from metal structures. Their advantages are speed of assembly and relatively low cost.
Stern
To get a lot of milk or meat, the farm owner will have to develop a suitable diet for animals. Cows are fed:
concentrates;
roughage;
root crops.
As concentrates, cereals or special compound feeds are usually used. Coarse food is primarily hay. Juicy - beets, carrots, potatoes. Such a diet is provided for cattle in the winter. In the summer, cows are usually driven out to pasture. Cows are in the meadow all day. The owner of a small farm can arrange grazing with a shepherd from the nearest village. The owner of a large enterprise is likely to have to hire such an employee separately. Concentrated feed and root crops in the summer give Burenki morning and evening.
In addition to grain, hay, grass, beets and silage, cows should receive vitamins, as well as trace elements necessary for their body. Therefore, the farm owner will need to purchase various premixes for them.
Often, the owners of the cowsheds include in the diet of their pets and mixed-feeds prepared according to special recipes in an industrial way. When using them, cattle cultivation and its maintenance are more expensive. But the productivity of cows is also increasing. When using compound feed in the diet, it is not necessary to include additional premixes in it. They are included in industrial formulations initially.
Calving
In addition to stalls and utility rooms, a room for young animals should be included in the design of the barn. Dairy calves are removed from the mother almost immediately. Feeding them artificially. After all, milk in this case is the main product of the farm. In meat breeding enterprises for cattle, young animals are left with a cow on a choke. This contributes to faster calf weight gain and lower mortality.
Vaccinations and sanitation rules
The benefits of maintaining the farm can be obtained, albeit not too large, but quite acceptable. However, often beginning farmers are faced with such a serious problem as the death of livestock, and, consequently, the loss of funds invested in the business.
Some cattle diseases are fatal; others can lead to a significant decrease in productivity. Moreover, infections spread in cowsheds usually very quickly. Therefore, the sanitary condition of the premises for cattle should be given maximum attention. The cattle farm should be cleaned daily. In addition, animals need to be vaccinated.
Hiring a veterinarian on a small farm is, of course, superfluous. In most cases, the owners of such farms, if vaccination is necessary, simply invite specialists from the nearest veterinarian clinic for a fee. On a large farm, the doctor of this specialization, of course, must be hired.
The most common cattle diseases are:
brucellosis;
leukemia;
leptospirosis;
mad cow disease;
tuberculosis.
From which diseases it is worth vaccinating cows in a particular region and with what frequency, it is worthwhile to find out in the district veterinary clinic in the department for the prevention of epidemics.
Creating a farm: marketing products
Organizing a cattle breeding enterprise is thus quite difficult. This is also a relatively costly task. But even more difficult in our time to find markets.The cost of milk and meat given in the article above is retail. If the farm is designed for only 10 animals, it may be possible to find direct markets for its owner. With the expansion of the enterprise with retail sales, certain difficulties may arise. The owner of a large farm will most likely have to sell products in bulk - to enterprises of the corresponding specialization. In this case, the price per liter of milk or a kilogram of meat will be much lower. When calculating the possible profit, this must be taken into account.
Sale of calves
The owners of cattle farms can earn profits not only from the sale of milk or meat. Many owners of such enterprises are also involved in such activities as breeding cattle. Thoroughbred calves are quite expensive today. There are always quite a lot of hunters to acquire such animals. The price of one thoroughbred calf in the market today is about 12 thousand rubles.
Instead of a conclusion
As you can see, the construction of cattle farms is a rather complicated and responsible business. Profit from such an enterprise, of course, can be obtained. However, it will be necessary to thoroughly invest in organizing a business of such specialization. In any case, of course, you need to have certain skills in the maintenance of this variety of farm animals. Such a business is likely to be suitable only for someone familiar with the basics of keeping cattle firsthand.