A line feature is engineering structure, the length of which significantly exceeds its width. Relate to this class of communications, for example, pipelines, roads and railways, bridges, tunnels, subways, etc. The location of a linear curve object, which is capable of intersecting with itself, is also indicated.
Key Features
More precisely, a linear object is a system laid on such a piece of land, the length of the describing rectangle of which is at least an order of magnitude greater than its width. Most often, such routes are large-scale and cover significant distances. Designed for such facilities can be to move both people and goods, or to preserve any product.
At the location, linear objects are ground, underground or above ground. In terms of purpose, one can distinguish:
transport communications;
systems of storm and sewer collectors;
water supply and irrigation channels;
communication lines;
oil and gas pipelines.
A line feature is in any case, a construction, not a building.
Regulatory framework: difficulties
The very concept of a linear object in our time in the legislation is used in many legal acts of various legal force. But at the same time, unfortunately, there are no uniform rules defining all aspects of the functioning and creation of such systems. Actually, the linear objects themselves are mentioned only briefly in the legislation - their approximate list is given. Formulations, with accuracy indicating their characteristics and types, do not exist. Such a state of affairs, many lawyers consider, of course, a weakness of the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Due to the lack of an accurate definition, various types of difficulties may arise in the design and construction of linear objects for customers and performers. Approval of projects of such systems usually takes quite a lot of time. But in any case, these large-scale routes, of course, relate to capital construction projects. And therefore, to rely upon their design should be on the relevant legislative acts.
Design challenges
Before starting the construction of any linear facility, of course, you should draw up a detailed diagram of it. The main task of designing such systems is to select the optimal position of the track on the ground. The final construction option should:
firstly, to provide a balanced volume of earthwork;
secondly, to provide laying with the least harm to the environment.
Actually, the project of a linear facility itself is a complex document in which both the technical and economic components of construction are inextricably linked. It is implemented on a principle from general to particular.
Design: milestones
A line feature is withweapons are usually not only large-scale, but also significant. Therefore, the preparation of his project should be approached with all responsibility. Start development of this document most often with justification of the technical and economic (feasibility study) necessity of construction. The degree of development of materials and their volume in each case are determined by the instructions and depend on the characteristics and purpose of the future.th track.
After the development of a feasibility study, before the construction of the facility, the branch departments of the ministries should carry out all the necessary examinations.If the provisions of the feasibility study comply with the prescribed standards and instructions, the document is approved in the manner prescribed by law.
At the next stage, the contractor should receive from the customer a detailed task for the design of a linear object. This document is compiled, of course, taking into account the technical and economic indicators adopted in the feasibility study.
Linear planning project: route selection
Gasket location facilities most often determined already at the stage of compiling a feasibility study. The following conditions are taken into account:
the width of the highway route should not exceed the parameters provided for by the standards for this particular kind of object;
the basis of land legislation must be observed;
the size of the strip, the location of the route, the method of using material resources, the methods of mechanization of construction work - all this must be agreed with the relevant authorities.
What documents should be included
In our country, linear objects of various purposes can be constructed. Projects of such routes, however, must necessarily include:
design estimates;
drawings for the estimated scope of work for at least the first year of construction.
Thus, a project for highly large-scale objects. If the construction is supposed to be built in up to 2 years, drawings should be provided for the entire amount of work.
Features of the compilation
Line feature layout should, of course, be based on appropriate geological and topographic surveys. Also, you should first study and analyze meteorological, hydrological and social factors of the laying area.
The main tasks of drawing up a technical project are:
determination of the connection and interaction of the route with other objects of the national network;
selection of basic technological equipment;
the choice of the best option for laying the route, its intermediate and final points;
solving issues of supplying electricity, water and other necessary resources to the construction site.
The project of planning the territory of the linear facility usually includes:
explanatory note;
ROW design;
design and technological solutions of the facility;
construction organization project;
Description of buildings, structures and structures included in the infrastructure of the facility;
a description of the measures envisaged to protect the environment;
list of fire safety measures;
construction estimate.
In some cases, the project may include other documents required by federal law.
Standard projects
The group of linear objects, among other things, includes all kinds of communications of the shops of enterprises of all kinds of specialization. Individual projects for such routes are rarely compiled. For the most part, they use standard ones. Sometimes, when laying tracks, standard, but slightly modified projects are also taken as a basis. Corrections to standard documents are allowed to be made only with the consent of the responsible ministries and departments of the Russian Federation.
Territories of linear objects: land surveying
Such routes are located only on multi-contour land plots. That is, those that cannot be formed by combining ordinary ones. For each linear object, one boundary plan is drawn up without taking into account the number of cadastral quarters. At the same time, part of the common land is allocated for the contours.
A project for surveying a linear object is usually made in several stages. First, a letter is sent to the heads of local administrations of those sections on which the route will be drawn, asking for permission to develop the project. Pafter receiving the order from the authorities cadastral engineers can actually proceed to such a procedure as land surveying. Line features may be delimited byto employeeami state bodies and private companies.
Engineers can start work only if they have the following documents:
site planning project;
site plan depicting installation schemes for gas, water, heat and energy supply facilities;
extracts from the real estate cadastre;
topographic surveys of the site.
At the final stage, the project is approved by the authorities. All information collected in the process of surveying, wherein are entered in the SCN. After that, you can proceed to the conclusion of land lease agreements. They are entitled to sign these documents both customer representatives and contractor lawyers.