The company, no matter what form of ownership, is interested in streamlining the information received. The collection and analysis of information on the obligations of the enterprise, its capital, on the state of its financial situation in monetary terms is carried out by a specialized service - accounting. On the shoulders of the accounting service lay a documentary reflection of each business transaction carried out at the enterprise.
Down payments
Today we will see how the calculation and payment of tax in advance is carried out. Immediately you need to make a reservation that their untimely payment in itself does not apply to the crime, but in this case the accrual and mandatory repayment of the penalty cannot be avoided.
What is an advance?
Monthly advance payments represent the amount of the calculated payment to be paid to the budget. This payment is made against the calculated tax until it is fully formed. If payment of income tax is carried out from the calculations of the previous quarter, then such advance payment should be carried out monthly. Calculation of advance payments and their further payment can be made from the actual profit received in each quarter or on a monthly basis, taking into account the quarterly payment with the final indicator in the reporting period.
Calculation of advance tax on transport tax
Advance payments for transport tax are provided for by the current legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. To find out which coefficient should be applicable in a particular case, two indicators are needed:
- Vehicle age - past calendar years from the year of manufacture.
- The average cost of a car - its calculation is determined by the Ministry of Industry and Trade.
The calculation of the advance payment of transport tax and its payment to the budget are carried out in strict accordance with the current Tax Code of the Russian Federation. It should be taken into account that the deadlines for advance payments are established by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation at the location of the vehicle. Another, no less important, is considered the moment that the owner of the car is obliged to pay tax, taking into account the increasing coefficient, if the average cost of his vehicle exceeds 3 million rubles.
Almost all enterprises with at least one motor vehicle on their balance sheet are subject to calculation and payment of transport tax. Advance payments for transport tax are carried out by them independently using the formula:
- VT = NB x NS x 1: 4, in which: - NB - the tax base corresponding to engine power (hp);
- NS - tax rate of 1 liter. with., established by the current regulatory act of the subject of the Russian Federation.
Timely payment of the calculated transport tax is made to the regional budget.
"Profitable" tax: its calculation and payment
General information of the Federal Tax Service of Russia has clarified the correct distribution of the monthly advance tax on profits. A calendar year is considered a tax period for this type of tax. It is at the end of the year that the tax itself is paid, and all payments that the company transfers to the budget during the year are called "advance payments on profit." The tax code provides for several (three) methods of payment, and the choice of one method or another does not always coincide with the desire of the taxpayer. What are these ways:
- Monthly advances must be paid in accordance with the results of the reporting period.
- Profit advance payment is made in tax period based on the calculations of profit.
- The quarterly payment of advance payments is carried out taking into account the results obtained in the reporting period (this method of advance payments is applicable to enterprises with a quarterly income of more than 10 million rubles).
Calculation of tax and its payment to the budget
The correct tax calculation and the calculation of advance payments depend on the knowledge of the tax code of the Russian Federation, since it contains all the information that an accountant must follow. The procedure for calculating, paying this type of tax and its advance can be found in Art. 286 and 287 of the Tax Code.
The tax is calculated by the formula:
- NP = NB x S, in which: - NP - income tax of the tax period;
- NB - in the tax period;
- С - tax rate.
In the tax code of the Russian Federation, the revenue limit is 10 million rubles. This forces the accountant to determine the obligation of the enterprise to pay a monthly advance payment in the current quarter. That is, the results of each past quarter make it possible to calculate the average amount of sales revenue during the previous four quarters and make a comparison with the established limit. The information received from the sale of income, which is determined by Article 249 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation on non-operating income and expenses, is taken into account, the income prescribed by Article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation is not taken into account. Sales proceeds are calculated excluding VAT and excise taxes.
Calculation Rules
A fairly fair question arises: how is the average value of the proceeds from the sale of the previous four quarters calculated? The answer is not complicated: the sum of sales proceeds is made for each quarter, the result is divided by the arithmetic mean value - four. If the amount of the advance payment is higher than 10 million rubles, then the company must pay the advance payments every month from the next quarter. At the end of the quarter, repeat the calculations again.
Quarterly financing. Calculus
Advance payments on profit per quarter are carried out based on the results of actual profit, which is calculated on an accrual basis from the beginning of the reporting period to the end of the reporting period.
Paragraph of the Tax Code 2 Art. 286 Clause 2 indicates the calculation of the quarterly amount of the advance payment, which can be calculated by the formula:
- Reporting AK = NB x S, where: - Reporting AK - quarterly advance payment on profit;
- NB - the tax base, calculated on an accrual basis;
- С - tax rate.
Now you need to calculate the amount of the quarterly advance. Payments to the budget should be made within the deadlines for advance payments approved by applicable law:
- AK for extra charge = AK reporting - AK previous.
- AK payable corresponds to the amount of the quarterly advance payable.
- AK previous corresponds to the amount of quarterly advance payment, which has already been paid in accordance with the calculations of the previous reporting period, but the current tax.
How to correctly calculate income tax advance payments
This payment is payable to the budget quarterly in the current tax period. The calculation of the amount of payment is made not from the actual amount of profit, but from the estimated. The calculation of this value is determined by the results of the previous period.
Profit tax advance payment is calculated as follows:
1. Advance payment paid each month in the 1st quarter of the current period is calculated:
- A1 = A4 of the previous tax period, where: - A1 - the monthly advance amount to pay it in the 1st quarter of the current tax period;
- A4 of the previous tax period - the amount of the payment of the IV quarter, payable.
2. Advance payments of the II quarter - the calculation is made:
- A2 = AK1: 3, where: - A2 - payment of the second quarter payable;
- AK1 - final payments of the 1st quarter.
3. For advance payment in the III quarter.
- A3 = (AK2 - AK1): 3, where: - A3 - payment for payment in the III quarter;
- AK2 - calculated, according to the results of six months.
four.To pay an advance payment in the IV quarter:
- A4 = (AK3 - AK2): 3, where:
- A4 - payment of the fourth quarter;
- AK3 - payment of nine months.
General for STS
Exempted individual entrepreneurs of the STS from paying taxes on profits, property and VAT are charged with the obligation to pay advance payments. And also according to the results of the year to transfer a single tax.
In order to correctly calculate the advance payments, you must remember that:
- The tax period for the simplified tax system is one calendar year.
- The reporting period is one quarter.
- The calculation of tax is carried out on an increase since the beginning of the year. For example, income (expense) for nine months includes income / expense for 1 quarter and 6 months (six months).
To pay tax (advance payments under the simplified tax system), three advance payments must be made during the year. Payment of the amount of tax falls on the following year minus the previously paid advance payments. At the end of the year, a declaration is required for the simplified tax system.
How to make the correct calculation of tax advances on the simplified tax system
Calculation of advance payment (tax) on the STS "Revenues" is equal to the product of the calculated amount of income by 6%, after which it is possible to reduce the final result if:
- IP does not have workers. In this case, there is a right to reduce 100% of the tax (payment on advance payments) equal to the amount of fixed payments paid for themselves. At the same time, ¼ of the annual amount in the 1st quarter, ½ - for the half year, ¾ - nine months and for the tax period - the whole amount goes to decrease.
- Individual entrepreneurs and enterprises with employees are able to reduce tax (payment on advance payments) by no more than 50% equal to the amount of insurance premiums already paid for employees and a fixed amount paid for themselves.
An important point: if an individual entrepreneur took the opportunity to reduce payment on advance payments (tax) by 100% and hired (even temporarily) an employee, then he needs to reduce payment on advance payments (tax) by no more than 50%. This leads to a recalculation and transfer to the budget of the calculated interest on the unpaid amount and its direct payment.
The above makes it possible to draw up the formula:
- advance payment (tax) = NB x 6%.
STS "Revenues less expenses"
We considered the calculation of the payment on advance payments (tax) under the simplified tax system "Revenues". Consider how the calculation is carried out for the same type of taxation, but “Income minus expenses”. For this:
- The calculated amount of expenses (including insurance premiums for employees and for themselves) is deducted from the amount of income calculated for a certain period.
- The final result may go down in the event of a loss in the previous year, that is, a payment of 1% (minimum tax) on income was made. This gives the right this year to put a loss in expense, as well as the amount of the minimum tax paid.
- Then perform the product of the total amount by 15%.
The above makes it possible to derive the formula:
- Advance payments under the simplified tax system (tax) = (tax base (amount of income with a cumulative total minus the amount of expenses, also a cumulative total) - Loss and 1% of the minimum tax) x 15% - advance payments made (except for the first quarter of advance payments).
General Provisions
Thus, the expression of advance payments occurs in advance payment of tax. This type of payment is regulated by the tax code of the Russian Federation. Delay in payment of even one day leads to the accrual of interest. Its accrual occurs for each day of delay in payment. As mentioned above, the delay in the payment of advance payments is not a reason not only to hold the chief accountant and company manager accountable, moreover, such a violation does not entail a fine, while late submission of a declaration to the tax inspectorate provides for penalties.
Summarizing information on advance payments (tax), we can come to the following: this type of payment is advance payment and tax refers to payments of the same legal nature.Using these payments, a specific business entity fulfills its tax liability. So, according to the provisions of the Tax Code, it is subject to the obligation to pay tax in installments, in other words, advance payments.
