It will not be a revelation, if we say that the financial condition of most of the population is far from stable. And therefore, in recent years, the number of organizations involved in issuing loans to the population has sharply increased. If only five or six years ago it was exclusively the prerogative of banks, today the exact opposite situation has developed.
Often people prefer to borrow money in an MFI, since they do not require a whole bunch of documents.
In a word, today we will consider the simplest business plan for a microfinance organization. If you have the funds for the initial start, then the prospects are quite decent.
Development prospects
In general, the prospects for the development of this kind of business are very optimistic. Only in 2012, its turnover increased by 50%, and at the end of 2013 - by 60%. The total volume of the loan market is estimated by specialists at more than 60 billion rubles annually.
What laws govern the activities of such organizations?
To regulate them, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted a special federal law “On Microfinance Organizations”. The law says that an entrepreneur, guided by a loan agreement, can issue up to one million rubles inclusive to a client.
Please note: this contract is fully governed by the provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. When preparing a business plan for a microfinance organization, be sure to familiarize yourself with its provisions in this area.
In principle, there are no tangible obstacles to organizing this kind of business.
Immediately, we note that LLC will be the most suitable legal form of ownership. Of course, IP is also suitable, but in light of the fact that the size of income can significantly exceed the bar to which you can count on simplified taxation schemes, there will not be much benefit from this.
Important! There is a single Federal Register of microfinance organizations in which your company must be registered. Please note that if this condition is not met, all your activities will be completely illegal.
What documents do you need to submit?
For your company to be officially registered in the Register, you will need to submit the following documents to any of its regional branches:
- Application for listing you.
- Notarized copies of documents on the organization of your company, as well as all constituent documents of the organization.
- A copy of the decision of the constituent council of the company (remember that our business plan of a microfinance organization involves the organization of an LLC).
- A similar copy of the decision of the CEO.
- Full details of all members of the organization.
- All data on her whereabouts.
- If the founder is a citizen of another country, then an extract from the Register of Foreign Legal Entities will be required.
- Be sure to attach a receipt on the payment of state duties, the amount of which today is one thousand rubles.
Other information
You can find all samples of the documents mentioned above in the corresponding appendix to the order of the Ministry of Finance No. 26n of March 3, 2011. Within 14 working (!) Days, a decision is made on the organization's inclusion in the Register or refusal, which you should be officially informed about.
Note! Only from the moment you receive a notification do you receive legal status and can engage in the issuance of loans to the public.We have already mentioned that any such activity without obtaining appropriate permission is always considered illegal. In this case, you will have to pay a fine of 30 thousand rubles.
Some important nuances
The law says that you cannot issue loans to the population in the amount of more than one and a half million rubles, you cannot be a guarantor in banks. It is strictly forbidden to issue loans in any foreign currency, play on the stock markets, as well as the requirement to pay interest upon early repayment of a loan. It is forbidden to recover more than one million rubles of debt from customers, even if the sum of all forfeits and fines is greater.
As in the previous case, for all these violations a fine of 30 thousand rubles is threatened. But it’s much more dangerous for unscrupulous lenders that a client of an organization that has violated at least one of the rules for conducting its business can achieve invalidation of a contract through a court. In this case, he is exempted from all obligations to repay the loan.
Activity risks
It is easy to guess that any business plan of a microfinance organization should take into account the fact that the organization of such an enterprise will always be associated with certain industry risks. Here are the main ones:
- many customers do not repay loans;
- there is administrative responsibility for failure to comply with the basic regulatory requirements of the law;
- the client may not repay the loan if it proves in the court of law that the interest calculation is unlawful.
The main costs of the organization
Of course, our MFI business plan also takes into account the basic costs of its organization. Often the most significant expense is the purchase or rental of a suitable office.
As a rule, it is located in a business center. However, the cost of rent can be low, as it will be enough to rent an office of 30 square meters. The cost of the premises depends entirely on your region.
Be sure to purchase all the necessary furniture, stationery, computers and all the necessary software. To work in the office you will need to hire at least two managers who will draw up contracts with clients, as well as one security guard.
Before opening a microloan company, it is also advisable to hire a professional accountant with experience. The attention of audit companies to you will always be quite high, and therefore all documents that reflect your activities should always be in perfect order.
Company promotion
Quite a lot of money goes to the initial advertising campaign. It is necessary to distribute advertising in the media, the Internet, hire promoters. In the best case, it will take 50 thousand rubles a month.
Initial expenses and profit
Of course, you must have funds for the initial issuance of loans. Minimum - from a million rubles. If for the first time you are not going to open representative offices throughout the city or region, then this should be enough.
Your MFI business plan should take into account that loans can only be issued to citizens of the Russian Federation who have reached the age of 18 years. The maximum allowable age of the borrower is 60 years. As a rule, most often loans are issued for 20-25 thousand rubles for a period of 15 days or a month. The lending rate is approximately 1-2% per day.
pay special attention
Considering microfinance (the business plan of which is given in the article), we have already mentioned a rather high percentage of refusals to repay a loan. Experts say that in some cases the number of such borrowers can reach up to 50%. Given that the amount of monthly expenses will be at least 250 thousand rubles, each month you need to give out loans in the amount of 700 thousand rubles at least.
In principle, this is not so much. Especially taking into account the fact that you can reach the full payback of a project within a couple of months after the start of your activity.Within a month and a half, the amount of loans can reach up to half a million rubles per month. If the company is successful, then in a year it will be possible to open additional representative offices throughout the city. This is how microloans begin to be issued.
How to organize work with clients?
Proper work with borrowers
We have repeatedly said that in this business there is a high risk of refusing to return the loaned amount of money. How to avoid this?
It should be noted that to work with clients there is no need to be a physiognomist or psychologist. It is enough to pay attention to the simplest things.
For example, a person smelling of cheap alcohol is unlikely to return the required amount. Moreover, even in court there will be nothing to take from him.
In addition, it is unlikely that lending to people with a residence permit in a foreign city will be unreasonable. It is possible that immediately after receiving the money, a person will leave home, after which it will be very difficult to recover the loaned cash.
In general, before opening loans to the public, it will be useful, at least in general terms, to determine the contingent. We strongly do not recommend opening an office in a frankly dysfunctional area, as the percentage of failures will probably be off-scale, and the likelihood of a banal robbery will always be much higher than zero.
