Stable work of the banking system in a single country is the key to a favorable economic situation in it. If the financial market on a global scale works properly, this has a positive effect on the situation in the whole world. State-owned banks in Russia are an example of good financial sector support. An increase in their number is always an indicator of the improvement of certain economic indicators.
The concept of state banks
The financial industry is very important for the development and existence of the rest in the state. Its structures are simply obliged to work harmoniously, regardless of macroeconomic conditions, since in another case the country will become bankrupt.
State banks of Russia or any other state are credit organizations that are managed directly by authorities and have only the assets of their country in their assets. But commercial structures differ from them in that they are financed only at the expense of individuals and companies.
Russian state banks regulate the economic situation in the country, control the activities of private organizations of a financial nature and may influence lending operations of an international nature. Financing of all kinds of programs at the federal level also comes from these structures. State-owned banks have the goal of financially supporting the implementation of economic policy regarding lending; they directly regulate settlement, investment and intermediary operations.
State-owned banks
This structure is slightly different from the previous one. In the first case, it was a credit institution whose assets are wholly owned by the country. A state-owned commercial bank is a structure that is also based on private capital at the same time. Like the first, it is fully capable of guaranteeing the rights of investors at the government level in the face of problems with solvency of a credit institution.
Benefits
State banks of the Russian Federation and structures with the participation of the powers are the most reliable in terms of all guarantees. So it is considered at present, as it was before, in particular, before the 1917 revolution. In Soviet times, private structures practically did not work, with the exception of the first (NEP) and the last (perestroika) years.
State-owned banks are called upon to finance key sectors of the national economy. Their lending is far from always beneficial to private entities. The fact is that this practice creates all the conditions for solving many problems and stimulates the investment of capital in the country's economy, as well as international expansion. State-owned banks of Russia help to conduct effective regional policies and develop the agricultural and industrial sector.
disadvantages
State-owned banks of the Russian Federation are reliable, but, along with this, interest rates on loans are high, and on deposits, on the contrary, are small. This is what makes them less attractive to ordinary customers and investors. However, in case of crisis situations, they are the ones who can offer the most optimal solutions for certain products. So it was in 2008, the same can be seen now, when many foreign financial companies left the Russian market due to sanctions.
The most famous structures
The list of state-owned banks in Russia is almost at everyone's hearing. The most privileged in this regard are Sberbank, Gazprombank, Vneshtorgbank and Rosselkhozbank.
It is worth noting that if the state takes part in financing a particular company, this does not mean that it will have an appropriate status. According to the data, almost half of Russia's financial institutions hold shares of various federal structures. Shares can be both minimal and key. However, most of them are unlikely to be on the list of state-owned banks.
Nevertheless, if the company has a similar status, it must guarantee, in the event of termination of its activities, the return to investors of amounts up to 700 thousand rubles.
What are the benefits of working with a state bank?
As mentioned earlier, such structures are attracted not by high interest rates, but by their stability. Although, for example, Sberbank offers several quite profitable programs. Pensioners can invest at maximum interest. They also have privileges for loans.
Another state-owned bank, VTB 24, also offers deposits in various currencies, which can hardly be called unprofitable.
The third company - "Rosselkhozbank" - is engaged in lending to the agricultural and farming business, in its portfolio there are about 13 different programs for potential customers.
But "Gazprombank" does not indulge in high interest rates, but allows you to partially withdraw funds from the deposit for deposits. This is very convenient, because there are many situations in life when funds are urgently needed, and terminating the contract in such a case is completely unprofitable for the client. The amount that can be withdrawn is prescribed in the contract, while the person does not lose his income.
Terms and interest on ruble deposits in state banks
More specifically, let's look at what these financial institutions can offer their potential customers:
- Sberbank gives about 9 percent per annum on condition of investment for a period of 1 to 36 months.
- "Bank of Moscow" - about 7.5% from six months to two years.
- Gazprombank - approximately 6.5 percent from 6 to 18 months.
- Russian Agricultural Bank - 8.5% from a year to two.
- Sovcombank allows 8 percent per annum on condition of investment for a period of 6 months.
Where to go for high interest?
If you want to invest your money at impressive interest, and want to choose a reliable structure, and state-owned banks are not happy with you in this regard, we recommend that you contact organizations such as:
- "Russian standard".
- MTS Bank.
- "Home Credit Bank".
All listed companies are included in deposit insurance system and have fairly high positions in the ratings of reliable banks.
Functions of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
This financial structure is designed to protect and ensure the stability of the domestic currency in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, in addition, it issues funds, acts as the lender of last resort for specialized organizations, carries out refinancing and establishes rules for settlement transactions, licenses the activities of certain companies and performs other functions prescribed by law.
The Central State Bank is directly subordinate to the Duma, the members of its Council are appointed by it, it is also obliged to report to the deputies on the results of its activities. The authorized capital and property of this organization are federal property. The central bank also acts as the owner gold and foreign exchange reserves of the Russian Federation.
Shareholders of state financial institutions
Below is a list of structures indicating the owners, their controlling stakes, so that you can have an idea of who controls this or that organization:
- Sberbank - Central Bank.
- "VTB" - the state;
- Setelem is a subsidiary of Sberbank.
- "Agricultural Bank" - the state.
- Bank of Moscow and VTB 24 are subsidiaries of VTB.
- Gazprombank is the state through Gazprom.
- "KitFinance Investment Bank" - Russian Railways.
- "Bank of Kazan" - the mayor's office of Kazan.
- Absolut Bank - Russian Railways.
- Novikombank - Rostec.
The list is far from complete, only an excerpt was given above.
Banks bought by the state
Some financial structures were initially created as commercial, but were then acquired. A country buys a bank when it is a necessity, because it is in such a position that it cannot repay its debts to depositors. In other words, they do not revoke the license, but redeem shares, and the structure goes under federal control. Further, the state pours the necessary funds into it and carries out the so-called “recovery”. Then the structure can work again.
It is worth noting that in Russia there is not a single bank, except the Central, which would be wholly owned by the state. In any case, this or that share of private investment, both internal and external, is present in them.
How to return investments?
There are often situations when, when opening an account with a commercial bank, a person is forced to apply to a special Deposit Insurance Agency, as this financial structure suddenly lost its license. That is why it is better to choose a less profitable, but reliable option for saving and increasing your funds.
State banks practically do not lose their licenses. This can occur only in a critical situation, for example, with a complete economic collapse of the country. However, according to the forecasts of financiers, this is not threatening Russia now.
State-controlled banks act as guarantors of a stable economic situation in the country, regardless of political or social phenomena, they help support domestic producers and offer reliable conditions for cooperation to the least protected sections of the population.