Consolidated Budget. The budget system of the Russian Federation

The structure of the consolidated budget is of particular importance in the analysis, formation and distribution of centralized finances of the state. Summary planning cannot be carried out without calculating the relevant indicators. Let us consider further what constitutes a consolidated budget.

Normative base

The concept of a consolidated budget was included in the Law of the RSFRS of October 10, 1991 in connection with the abolition of the state financial fund, which included all parts of the monetary system of Russia. This law is currently not in force. The budget sphere is today regulated by the industry Code. It establishes key concepts, gives appropriate explanations. In addition, the BC defines the procedure in accordance with which the consolidated budget is formed and executed.

Terminology

According to Art. 6 BC, the consolidated budget is a set of financial funds at all levels. It includes federal, regional and local funds. The consolidated budget of the Russian Federation includes financial funds of the constituent entities of the country and municipalities. From the calculated indicators for each plan, the values ​​of the consolidated balance sheets of the state and territorial units are taken.

Main elements

A financial fund at any level includes two components:

1. Consolidated budget revenues. This part uses tax data (on foreign trade, on property, VAT, excise taxes and others), trust funds and so on.

2. Consolidated budget expenses. This item includes the costs of:

• Government investment.
• Subsidies.
• Social and cultural events.
• Science.
• Defense.
• The content of key institutions of power (law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, courts, etc.) and so on.

The indicators of these elements are of particular importance in long-term planning in general and financial forecasting in particular. Key parameters are used in the development of programs for the social and economic development of the country and regions. In addition, indicators are taken into account in calculations that reflect the level of security of the state’s population.

Consolidated Budget of the Russian Federation

As mentioned above, it is a combination of financial funds of entities and municipalities. Extrabudgetary funds and interbudgetary transfers are not included in its composition. It also does not include the volume of MHIF finances. Consolidated Russian budget consists of 3 levels:

1. Federal financial plan.
2. Regional funds.
3. Municipal finance.

The budget structure as a whole includes:

1. Federal budget.
2. 21 republican.
3. 55 regional and regional.
4. 2 cities of the Fed. values ​​(St. Petersburg and Moscow).
5. 1 regional joint-stock company.
6. 10 from autonomous okrugs.

In addition, the consolidated budget includes about 29 thousand local financial state funds (rural, township, city, district). It also includes targeted funds that come from relevant sources and are distributed in a certain direction.

Fund formation at the enterprise

A consolidated budget is often formed in large companies. During its formation, the characteristics of relationships within the corporation are taken into account. To compile such a fund, it is necessary to add all the indicators of the budgets of units without intragroup operations. To achieve this goal, it will be necessary to develop a unified financial policy for all units of the company.Of no small importance in this process is the differentiation of responsibility, the formation of additional indicators. The latter allow you to adjust operations during the consolidation of budgets.

System benefits

Consolidating budgets is not an easy task. Its implementation is associated with a fairly large amount of work. However, the accuracy of the data is more important for the enterprise or the state. During consolidation, there is no need to change the existing budgeting procedure. For enterprises, the advantage of forming such a fund is that when they select the necessary indicators, they themselves determine those internal circulation operations that will be of priority importance and are subject to exclusion. In addition, the consolidation procedure:

1. It involves the distribution of work among all entities involved in the formation of the fund.
2. It can be controlled at every stage.
3. It is implemented without the use of specialized information technologies.

All this allows both the leadership of individual companies and the government to concentrate their efforts and available resources on solving the most pressing problems. In the course of this work, an optimal balance between cost and accuracy of consolidated budgets is achieved.

Institute role

The consolidated budget of any entity of the country allows executive and representative bodies to have the necessary financial basis for the implementation of the powers entrusted to them within the framework of the Constitution. This, in fact, is the significance of regional financial state funds. With the help of funds, budgets of administrative-territorial entities are formed. This financial base allows you to solve general-purpose issues, to implement the functions of local authorities. The consolidated budget of the region makes it possible to show economic independence in the allocation of funds for their own socio-economic development.

So, the authorities can ensure the systematic formation and improvement of the educational, medical, cultural sphere, road facilities and housing stock. Equally important is the ability to balance the levels of social and economic development of the territory. For this, within the framework of the consolidated budget, appropriate programs are being developed aimed at improving cities and villages, developing infrastructure, maintaining historical monuments, and so on. The availability of financial resources allows the authorities to lower or increase the standards of costs for the provision of municipal and state services at enterprises and institutions involved in the non-production sphere. Concentration of money in consolidated budgets to executive and legislative institutions makes it possible to centrally distribute resources for solving strategic priorities, developing relevant regional economic sectors, industrial enterprises, social, cultural, and agricultural sectors.

Conclusion

Thus, the consolidated budget, regardless of the level at which it is formed, allows you to solve many issues and most effectively implement the functions and powers of the subjects. The creation of such funds is very important both for the state as a whole and for individual large enterprises producing demanded products with an extensive network of branches both within the country and abroad. In the formation of such funds, various significant factors must be taken into account. The indicators that will be obtained by analyzing the specifics of the industry or a particular enterprise and the performance of state institutions of power should be of paramount importance in the subsequent distribution of the consolidated budget.