What is it difficult to imagine the existence of modern man without? Of course, without modern technology. Some things have so entered our lives, so become boring. Internet, TV, microwave, refrigerators, washing machines - without this it is difficult to imagine the modern world and, of course, yourself in it.

What makes almost all of today's technology truly useful and necessary?

What invention provided the greatest opportunities for progress?

One of the most irreplaceable discoveries of man is the technology of manufacturing microcircuits.

Thanks to her, modern technology is so small. It is compact and comfortable.

We all know that a huge number of things consisting of microcircuits can fit in a house. Many of them fit in your trouser pocket and are lightweight.

Thorny path

To achieve a result and get a microcircuit, scientists worked for many years. The initial circuits were huge by today's standards, they were larger and heavier than the refrigerator, despite the fact that the modern refrigerator does not consist entirely of complex and complicated schemes. Nothing like this! It has one small, but superior in its usefulness, old and bulky. The discovery made a splash, giving impetus to the further development of science and technology, a breakthrough was made. Chip manufacturing equipment released.

Equipment

The production of microcircuits is not an easy task, but the benefit of a person is those technologies that simplify the production task as much as possible. Despite the complexity, a huge number of chips are released daily around the world. They are constantly being improved, gaining new features and enhanced characteristics. How do these small but smart systems come about? This is helped by equipment for the production of microcircuits, which, in fact, is discussed later.

When creating microcircuits, electrochemical deposition systems, washing chambers, laboratory oxidizing chambers, copper electrodeposition systems, photolithographic and other technological equipment are used.

Photolithographic equipment is the most expensive and accurate in mechanical engineering. It is responsible for creating images on a silicon substrate to generate the intended microcircuit topology. A photoresist is applied to a thin layer of the material, which is subsequently irradiated with a photomask and an optical system. In the process of equipment operation, there is a decrease in the size of picture elements.

In positioning systems, the leading role is played by a linear electric motor and a laser interferometer, which often have feedback. But, for example, in the technology developed by the Moscow laboratory Amphora, such a connection is absent. This domestic equipment has a more precise movement and smooth repetition on both sides, which eliminates the possibility of backlash.

Special filters protect the mask from heat coming from the deep ultraviolet region, transferring the temperature for 1000 degrees for many months of operation.

Low-energy ions are mastered when applied to multilayer coatings. Previously, this work was carried out exclusively by magnetron sputtering.

Chip manufacturing technology

The entire creation process begins with the selection of semiconductor crystals. The most relevant is silicon. A thin semiconductor wafer is cleaned before a mirror image appears in it.In the future, photolithography using ultraviolet radiation when applying a pattern will be an obligatory stage of creation. This helps the machine for the production of microcircuits.

What is a microchip? This is such a multi-layer cake made of thin silicon wafers. Each of them has a specific pattern. This very picture is created at the stage of photolithography. Plates are carefully placed in special equipment with temperatures in excess of 700 degrees. After firing, they are washed with water.

The process of creating a multilayer plate takes up to two weeks. Photolithography is carried out numerous times until the desired result is achieved.

Creation of microcircuits in Russia

Domestic scientists in this industry also have their own technology for the production of digital microcircuits. Plants of the corresponding profile operate throughout the country. At the output, the technical characteristics are not inferior to competitors from other countries. They prefer Russian microcircuits in several states. All thanks to the fixed price, which is less than that of Western manufacturers.

Necessary components for the release of high-quality chips

Microcircuits are created in rooms equipped with systems that control air purity. At the entire stage of creation, special filters collect information and process air, thereby making it cleaner than in operating rooms. Workers wear special protective overalls, which are often equipped with an internal oxygen supply system.

Chip manufacturing is a profitable business. Good specialists in this field are always in demand. Almost all electronics are powered by microchips. They are equipped with modern cars. Spacecraft could not function without the presence of microcircuits in them. The process of obtaining is regularly improved, the quality is improving, the possibilities are expanding, the shelf life is growing. Microchips will be relevant for many tens or even hundreds of years. Their main task is to bring benefits on the Earth and beyond.