The principles and methods of ensuring safety are a set of mechanisms that contribute with a certain probability to eliminate potential threats that affect the human condition. The more complex the type of activity, the more comprehensive the protection will be. Consider the basic principles of security. 
General information
There are various principles, means of security. They are classified according to one or another characteristic. Depending on the implementation, four classes of principles are distinguished:
- Organizational.
- Technical
- Orienteering.
- Managerial.
Some mechanisms belong to several groups at the same time. At the same time, all safety principles have relative independence.
Orientation provisions
These safety principles determine the direction of the search for optimal solutions and serve as a methodological base. Among them there are four key points. They are the principles:
- Systematic.
- Destructions.
- Risk reduction.
- The elimination of the threat.
Systematic
It lies in the fact that any action, phenomenon, object is considered as an element of a certain structure. The principle of systematicity directs subjects to account for all the components that make up a particular result, circumstances and factors necessary to ensure safety.
Destruction
This principle consists in the fact that a system that leads to dangerous consequences is destroyed by the exclusion of one or more components from it. Destruction is organically connected with systemic nature. In the process of analyzing a threat, its elements are first evaluated, then measures are developed that are aimed at eliminating some of them. Accordingly, this leads to the achievement of the goal - to ensure safety. Destruction is used, for example, to prevent spontaneous combustion, explosions in compressors.
Threat Reduction
In accordance with the principle of hazard reduction, solutions are used that are aimed at enhancing safety, but not ensuring the achievement of its required level by standards. This provision has a certain compromise character. Its practical application can be illustrated by the following example. As one of the effective amplification methods fire safety in enterprises chemical production advocates the replacement of volatile flammable liquids with less dangerous ones, the boiling point of which is more than 110 degrees Celsius.
Threat elimination
The principle of eliminating a hazard is to eliminate threatening factors. This is achieved by changing technology, replacing them with safe ones, using more advanced equipment, scientific organization of work, and so on. This principle is considered the most progressive. Its implementation can be carried out in a variety of forms. Practical and theoretical work aimed at increasing the degree of security, it is necessary to start with the search for options for applying this principle.
Technical mechanisms
These safety principles focus on the immediate prevention of threatening and harmful factors. Similar mechanisms are based on the application of the laws of physics. Among the main principles should be noted:
- Distance protection.
- Durability.
- Weak link.
- Shielding.
Distance protection
It is based on the establishment of such a gap between the source of danger and the person at which a given degree of safety will be provided. In the presence of a certain distance, the action of threatening factors weakens or completely disappears. So, for example, to ensure safety, sanitary protection areas, fire breaks, etc. are used.
Strength
To increase the degree of safety, the ability of structures, materials, and parts to increase resistance to residual deformations and fractures under mechanical stresses is enhanced. This principle is implemented using a safety factor. It is calculated by correlating the load provoking unacceptable damage or deformation to the permitted level of exposure.
The coefficient value is set in accordance with the nature of the acting stresses and forces, the mechanical characteristics of the object, the features of the functioning of similar materials and other factors. This principle is associated with ensuring the stability of structures, protection against electric current, etc.
Weak link
For safety reasons, weakened structural elements or special devices are used, which are destroyed or triggered at specific, pre-calculated indicators. For example, in buildings there are anti-explosion openings. Their area is such that during a certain period through them you can reduce the pressure of a safe indicator. Door and window openings are often used as anti-explosion.
Shielding
There are barriers between man and sources of danger. They guarantee security. The function of barriers is to delay threats. Screens can be very different. As a rule, solid barriers are used. Screens that provide protection against thermal radiation are quite common. These barriers may be for reflection, heat sink or absorption. Soundproof and anti-vibration screens are also used. Their acoustic effect is due to the formation of a shadow region behind them, into which sound waves pass only partially.
Management position
These are safety principles. Similar mechanisms determine the relationship and relationship between specific stages of the protection process. Among them are:
- Planning. For certain periods, quantitative indicators and activities are established.
- Stimulation. In the process of work, distribution of material benefits and incentives, a record must be kept of the quality and quantity of the efforts and results that were obtained with their help.
- Compensation. To restore the balance of psychophysiological and mental processes or to prevent negative changes in the state of health, various benefits for employees are provided.
- Efficiency. It consists in comparing actual and planned results, analyzing the achieved parameters according to the criteria of benefits and costs. Allocate economic, engineering, social efficiency.
Organizational arrangements
These safety principles are implemented as part of the scientific organization of work. First of all, the mechanism of protection by time operates in this area. It involves reducing to optimal indicators the length of stay of people under the influence of negative factors. This principle is based on protection against noise, ionizing radiation, the establishment of long holidays and so on. Regulatory regulation is of no small importance today. In particular, the principles of ensuring information security are based on it.
