In our country, utilities are very complex. Therefore, not every manager knows how to get out of a difficult situation, not to mention ordinary residents of apartment buildings. The confusion arises from the complicated and confusing legislation, as well as officials who are not able to regulate various issues. Some points directly concern residents, and therefore they need to be known.
General information
One of the most difficult issues is home repair. Many people do not understand what kind of utilities they pay. It is necessary to understand this issue, as it will help to control repair work. 
As a rule, the management of housing and communal services works reluctantly, and residents suffer because of this. Surely many people have heard that the repair of an apartment building can occur in two forms. This is a current and major repair. These two types are responsible for the restoration of various elements of the building.
Maintenance in an apartment building
Most people paid attention to the line in the receipt, which is reserved for repair. But not everyone understands why they pay this amount every month. Maintenance is one of the types of work that is performed during a certain period. It is carried out once every three months or once a year. This is a planned event. Ongoing work is carried out within a specified deadline, and various accidents or breakdowns do not affect their implementation.
The list of events contains diagnostics and elimination of minor malfunctions, replacement or improvement of equipment and devices. Maintenance is a type of work that is performed in relation to the common property of an apartment building. It follows that the team does not perform any actions on the territory of the apartments. Therefore, if a tenant has minor problems, you must turn to the master yourself. Maintenance of housing is carried out at their own expense.
What is a common property?
In multi-unit buildings, property is divided into its own and public. Not every corner in the house belongs to the residents. That is why the legislative documents spell out what is called common property. This concept refers to all structures, premises and equipment in an apartment building.
Among them are:
- security structures (doors) and equipment (intercom, video surveillance);
- elevator and shaft;
- mailboxes;
- engineering structures (heat supply, power supply and water supply);
- basement or attic, as well as various elements that are in it;
- pipelines;
- foundation, facade and roof.
Therefore, we can conclude that the listed structures and equipment must be repaired and in working condition.
Where does the work begin?
The organization of the current repair begins with the diagnosis of all elements of the apartment building. Special construction organizations are involved in this. This procedure is carried out to draw up estimates for consumables and services that are necessary to carry out current repairs of the building.
After diagnosis, construction crews begin troubleshooting. First, minor repairs are carried out, and then go on to large ones. The first type includes wall painting, wiring replacement. The second view is a bit more complicated. Specialists perform the replacement or restoration of structural elements of an apartment building, install security equipment, carry out elevator prophylaxis, etc. Maintenance work is a rather expensive undertaking.Let us consider in detail the repair of each part.
Foundation
Work related to it:
- repair of cracks and restoration of the lining;
- fixing screed problems;
- repair of damaged waterproofing;
- replacement of individual parts of the foundation;
- construction of ventilation ducts;
- basement repair.
Walls and facade
Here, repair crews carry out such actions:
- glossing over cracks and joints, reconstruction of individual parts of brick walls;
- sealing cracks and cavities between bricks and panels;
- repair of cornices and lintels;
- repair of balconies;
- replacement of decorative materials (tiles, decorative stones, etc.);
- wall insulation;
- sealing of damaged plaster areas;
- painting walls and facades.
Overlap
Here, wooden and reinforced concrete coatings are replaced and strengthened, and joints are sealed between them. Maintenance and repair of ceilings includes their insulation and painting.
Roof
In this paragraph, the following work is performed:
- replacement of all damaged floor elements;
- coating of wooden elements with fire protection;
- all types of repair work related to the coating of roofing material;
- replacement of damaged parts of the roof;
- installation of skates and cornices;
- waterproofing and warming of structural elements.
Windows, interroom partitions, staircase
Specialists install or replace components of window openings.
Interior partitions are being strengthened, and in some cases new sections are being built. As for the stairs, here all the cracks and holes on the stairs are closed, the railing and the fastenings to them are changed.
Floors and stoves
The first and important step is the replacement of individual parts of the floors and elements of the furnace, which are destroyed. That is, a complete transfer of bricks is performed. Further, all joints and cracks are smeared, subjected to hydro and thermal insulation. In some apartments, a complete replacement of the floor is made.
Reconstruction of engineering networks
Heating:
- replacement of some sections of pipelines and valves;
- installation of valves, taps, gate valves;
- insulation of heating elements (boilers, pipes, tanks);
- replacement of heating appliances;
- heating system test;
- pump repair.
Water pipes:
- replacement of individual sections of pipelines and components, sealing of joints, and their insulation;
- installation of new water taps, sinks, wash basins, toilets, bathtubs, etc.
- insulation of tanks and pipelines in the attic or basement;
- repair of motors and their individual parts;
- sewer cleaning;
- installation and repair of watering yard systems.
Power Supply:
- replacement of faulty sections of electrical networks. It concerns only those places that are outside the apartment; Inside, the owner does everything.
- restoration of faulty circuit breakers and switches in the entrance;
- replacement of safety elements, as well as electrical panels;
- installation or repair of photo switches;
- in apartments, stationary electrical equipment, i.e. stoves and heating cabinets, is being replaced.
Regarding ventilation, specialists are replacing damaged ventilation ducts and equipment.
Household devices
This section installs or replaces special equipment. All these actions must be coordinated with local government agencies. This process is carried out only by professionals that are directed by the relevant organization.
Among these works distinguish:
- the installation of any type of boiler room designed to provide heat to an apartment building;
- installation of heating and water pumps, as well as cleaning equipment;
- installation of special ventilation equipment for high-rise apartment buildings;
- installation of fire extinguishing systems, elevator, etc.
External improvement of the yard
This item includes the repair of damaged sidewalks, pavement, as well as the installation of flower beds, playgrounds and sports grounds, garbage cans, landscaping the yard, replacing fences, etc. It should be noted that this list of work is performed by a special team.
All the nuances, starting from the purchase of consumables and ending with the cost of work, should be prescribed in a special contract. It is drawn up between the repair team and the chairman of the HOA or other organization.
How are maintenance fees charged?
As mentioned earlier, after the repair team performs the diagnosis, it provides a ready estimate. It indicates the price of consumables, as well as the cost of the services performed. Specialists assess not only the general condition of the building, but also each of the systems. Local authorities should divide the amount received by all residents of the apartment building. How does this happen? For these purposes, a special settlement program is used.
To make an accrual, you need to know the total area of all the premises in an apartment building. The cost of repair services is divided by the total area of the entire building. Further, the resulting figure is multiplied by the number of square meters of each apartment taken. That is, the amount for current repairs performed depends on square meters of living space. That is why the numbers in the receipt may vary significantly.
Sometimes another method is used. It consists in the fact that the amount for the current repair is divided by the number of all apartments in a multi-storey building. In this case, the cost is distributed equally among all tenants. Each of them will pay a fixed amount. But this method is used quite rarely.
Conclusion
Maintenance - these are the types of work that are performed for common house property. They are carried out for various designs and equipment. At the end of the work, as we said earlier, the amount is divided between the residents of the apartment building. It is worth remembering that if a breakdown occurs inside the apartment, its owner must pay for the repair or replacement, and not all residents of the building.
So, we found out what constitutes such a type of work as maintenance. Now you can control this process to know what you are paying for.
