Charcoal production today has reached great heights. Such products served as the beginning of the development of civilization. Currently, there is a wide range of plants that can be used for their intended purpose. The choice of equipment for the production of charcoal should be thorough.
Nuances to Know About
It should be noted that almost any modern technology that is used to produce materials is environmentally friendly. In addition, new equipment is an energy-efficient solution. About 10 million tons of charcoal is produced annually with its help.
As a material for production, a variety of waste is used, which comes from sawmills. Solid wood may also be used. The equipment, which is necessary for the production of coal, does not need special care. It is necessary to hire about three people who will work with the devices in shifts.
What types of equipment are available?
The choice of equipment for the production of charcoal is often complicated due to the availability of different options. The following device groups can be distinguished:
1. Mobile installations.
2. Stationary technology.
3. Ancillary equipment.
Mobile and stationary devices differ from each other only in that in the second case, the equipment cannot be moved to another place. It should also be noted that quite often the installation has a combination of drying and pyrolysis functions.
Installation
Having made a choice in favor of the suitable type of equipment, it is necessary to thoroughly approach the installation procedure. Installation of equipment must meet the requirements of GOST. In addition, the devices must be completely safe from an environmental point of view, since not only waste but also carbon residues are burned in furnaces. In order to service the installation, it is not necessary to hire skilled workers. This case is not particularly difficult.
Using a furnace for production
Equipment that is necessary for the production of charcoal can be classified by cost, as well as by the volume of products produced in one month. A modern retort furnace for the production of charcoal is quite different in appearance from the one used previously.
At the moment, in a business related to coal production, a wide variety of stoves are common. The differences are based on the method of supplying the coolant to the wood. This avoids contact with flue gas. In other words, wood products are housed in a separate chamber.
The raw material is heated directly from the walls, which, in turn, reach the desired temperature with the help of a coolant. There is such a retort furnace for the production of charcoal, in which fumes exit directly through the tree.
The feed procedure takes place through the activation and loading hopper. To do this, use trolleys. Loading can be either manual or automatic - using a special conveyor or a mechanical splitting ax. At the moment when the wood is fully loaded, the trolleys are sent to a special chamber in which drying-pyrolysis takes place.
It should be noted that the chambers, which have some separate furnaces for charcoal production, are able to accommodate about three trolleys at a time. When the temperature sensor starts to show that the wood is already completely dry, the remaining gases will be sent to a special chamber for cleaning. They will be burned without any additional support.
In order to increase the productivity of the furnace for the production of charcoal, a special process is provided. It involves sending the remaining heat from the pyrolysis chamber to the drying chamber. Then these compartments change their roles. In other words, the drying chamber becomes pyrolysis, while the other compartment is put into drying mode.
As a result of all this, the trolleys exit the chambers with finished coal. Subsequently, they are placed in separate boxes for cooling. After the drying procedure, condensation may form in the chamber. For its conclusion, special nozzles are used.
The main stages of production
Coal burning furnaces for coal production provide conditions for pyrolysis. This process is divided into the following main stages:
1. Drying at a temperature of 120 to 150 degrees. In this case, water is released.
2. The beginning of the decomposition process. This is carried out at a temperature of from 150 to 275 degrees. In this case, carbon dioxide and acetic acid are released.
3. The main decomposition products are formed and evaporated. All this happens at a temperature of 275 to 450 degrees. In this case, the release of esters, hydrocarbons, acetic acid, carbon monoxide and other things is observed.
4. The wood residue is calcined at a temperature of 450 to 550 degrees. The release of heavy tar, hydrocarbons, etc. begins.
All stages are accompanied by a supply of heat.
The composition of the finished material
Coal, which is obtained as a result of all of the above treatments, contains non-volatile carbon. Its share is about 78%. Ash content is around 2.5%. Humidity does not exceed six percent.
Charcoal kilns for the production of charcoal are able to ensure the processing of long and short waste that comes from sawmills. Approximately 7.5 tons of charcoal comes from about 75 cubic meters of birch per month.
Main expenses
In order to establish production, some operations will be required. It is necessary to order equipment for one charcoal kiln. At this stage, the following costs are expected:
1. The purchase of a furnace will cost about 300 thousand rubles.
2. About 30 thousand rubles will be required for construction work.
3. The installation of equipment requires about 30 thousand rubles.
4. The delivery of equipment to the installation site will take about 50 thousand rubles.
Current assets
How much working capital awaits beginners and experienced entrepreneurs who decide to engage in such activities?
1. The cost of transportation will be about 30 thousand rubles per month.
2. In order to pay wages, employees will need to spend about 20 thousand rubles a month.
3. The purchase of raw materials will take about 38 thousand rubles a month. It's about a birch.
4. The purchase of material for packaging will take about 4 thousand rubles.
As a result, in a month, an entrepreneur will be faced with expenses amounting to about 100 thousand rubles. In order to create a workshop for coal production, it will be necessary to spend about 375 thousand rubles. As a result, the minimum amount of costs for organizing your own coal production business will be about 475 thousand rubles.
Home Production Launch
If there is no money for organizing a larger-scale production, then at the initial stage you can get by with small losses. You only need a barrel for the production of charcoal. Material is laid in it. After this, it is necessary to make sure that no air remains in the tank.And it is under such a condition that material will be obtained. You can also dig a hole, under which then you need to make a furnace pit. Thus, the entrepreneur will master the technology of charcoal production at home.
When will the costs fully pay off?
The cost of the products that will be produced, on average, is about 12 rubles per kilogram. Wholesale coal is 15 rubles per kilogram. Profit from one kilogram of sales, thus, reaches three rubles.
What will be used to repay the invested funds will be about one and a half rubles per kilogram. Consequently, the entrepreneur will make a profit of 1.5 rubles. for one kilogram. It can be concluded that the payback period for entrepreneurial activities in coal production is about 36 months.
Conclusion
If you decide to establish your own business for the production of charcoal, then you should know that the use of waste from sawmills instead of raw materials will reduce the cost of production. In addition, waste can be disposed of in this way.
