Construction schedule: development, preparation. Sample schedule

If the company receives an order for construction work, it needs to plan organizational activities. All stages of the work and supervision of their implementation should be clearly formed and scheduled. Read more about how the construction schedule is compiled, read on.

Essence

The schedule of construction works is a document that establishes the sequence, the relationship of time and timing of tasks. It is developed according to the norms and rules at the stage of drawings by the design organization PIC. Then it is supplemented by a production plan drawn up by the contractor.

The goals of planning are:

• justification of the duration of construction;
• determination of the timing of commissioning of the elements of the complex;
• calculation of the duration of work;
• determination of the size of capital investments, the list of tasks;
• calculation of the delivery time of materials and equipment;
• determination of the required number of personnel and types of equipment.

Let's consider in more detail how to draw up a calendar plan.

Algorithm

1. A list and scope of work is compiled.
2. A selection of production methods is being carried out.
3. The normative complexity is calculated.
4. Brigades are formed.
5. The sequence of tasks is determined.
6. Estimated estimates.
7. Work intersections are determined.
8. The calculated need for staff and time is adjusted according to standards.
9. A schedule is being made for the provision of basic resources (workers, machines and mechanisms) and the supply of materials, structures and semi-finished products.

The development of the schedule is based on:

1. Accepted construction threading.
2. Standards for the duration of work.
3. Task lists, working documentation and estimates.
4. Data on the participants, the composition of the brigades, the available equipment, material resources.

Structure

The schedule, an example of which is presented below, consists of the calculated (left) and graphic (right) parts.

The first part contains the following information:

1. The list and scope of work.
2. The complexity, time spent, calculated according to the standards.
3. The efficiency of the equipment in 2 shifts. Breaks, downtime, changing locations should be minimized.
4. Duration of mechanized and manual work.
5. The maximum number of persons employed in production.
6. Number of shifts: equipment is involved in two shifts, and personnel - in one.

The graph in the right part clearly reflects the progress of work, their sequence, coordination. Dates are set on the basis of standards.

Training

First, all measures are taken to ensure the smooth running of the construction. Personnel are being recruited, materials, machinery and equipment are purchased in the right quantity. The method of building construction is determined, a sequence of work is developed, their duration in time.

When the method of building construction is chosen, the following points should be taken into account and discussed:

• the need to strengthen the walls of the pit;
• method of supplying concrete, laying walls;
• type of structure;
• complexity of drawings;
• scope of activities;
• soil research data;
• position of the construction site, transport links;
• availability of space for equipment;
• special conditions;
• restrictions of the local administration, for example, the presence of nearby architectural monuments.

The structure, the procedure for the implementation of work in the preparatory period depend on the technology and local conditions.On-site works include installation of tasks, development of the terrain, activities ensuring the start, development of construction:

• creation of a reference geodetic network;
• clearing the territory;
• demolition of unnecessary buildings;
• terrain layout;
• installation of surface water runoff;
• installation of permanent and temporary roads;
• transfer and installation of new networks to supply workers with water and electricity;
• installation of temporary structures;
• communication device for construction management.

Duration of work

The construction time of the building consists of segments of the duration of the individual work. Some events may coincide with each other. This is called an intersection. For example, it is possible to carry out reinforcement and mount the basement of the basement after the construction of part of the walls. A construction schedule should take these intersections into account.

To calculate the time required to complete all tasks, you need to divide the structure into captures. The list of works is divided into steps for the manufacture of individual elements, information on the volumes and costs of resources. Depending on the length of the day and the number of workers, the period required for the construction of the element is determined. The sum of the deadlines for all work is the period of construction of the building. If the duration specified in the contract is shorter, you can achieve the desired result by extending working day or increasing the number of staff.

Time view

Drawing up a schedule provides a graphical representation of the work. The most commonly used beam scheme. The time segments are displayed in the form of bars: horizontal - days and weeks, vertical - segments of the building.

The diagram "path - time" is used to display specific construction tasks, for example, the construction of roads, tunnels. The horizontal axis is called the track axis, and the vertical axis is called the time axis. Using the chart, you can calculate the progress, the period of time between groups of work.

Sometimes a network plan is used. Each line is displayed on the time axis. At the same time, the earliest and latest completion times are shown - the “critical path”. The plan is compiled using computers.

Connection

The schedule of work depends on traffic congestion. Due to the heavy traffic, the terms of the assignment may be extended. And the point is not only in the timely delivery of material and equipment, but also in the soundproofing of the territory. The construction site must be connected to traffic. You need to make the most of the street network. On it additionally laid temporary, most often bypass roads.

At adjacent sites, road and pedestrian safety equipment must be provided. Restriction tapes must be installed, new road marking place for storage of materials: horizontal, dry, with load-bearing capacity, available for vehicles. In such places masonry stones, reinforcement, sand, gravel, formwork elements are located, which are then moved using a crane.

Plan

The table below shows a sample calendar plan.

Responsible __________________________________________

Let us consider in more detail how the production schedule is filled.

The first column indicates the list of activities and periods (preparatory, main) of their implementation in the technological sequence. The following is the number of jobs, the need for human (person / day) and machine resources, calculated in accordance with the standards of the ESP.

Machines are selected first according to technical parameters (digging depth, load capacity, bucket capacity, etc.), and then according to economic costs.Depending on the volumes and terms of work, the need for equipment is calculated.

We calculate the need for mechanized work (M / P).

M / R = Km: (Ko x Ks x K), where:

• Km - the number of machine shifts.
• Co - the amount of equipment (6).
• Ks is the number of shifts per day (8).
• K is the overfulfillment coefficient of the output (1.05-1.25).

The duration of manual work is determined by dividing labor costs in people / day. for a product of the number of employees, the number of shifts and the overfulfillment ratio (1.05-1.25). That is, the previous formula is used, only the numbers from column 4 of the plan are substituted into the numerator.

Number of workers

This indicator is determined depending on the complexity. The composition of the team is calculated according to this rule: the transition between the grips should not affect the number and qualification of the composition. Algorithm:

• the scope of work for a particular team is determined (column 1);
• labor intensity is calculated (column 4);
• labor costs are excluded by profession;
• recommendations for combining professions are taken into account;
• set the duration of the process;
• the number of crews is calculated.

The work package of the brigade consists of the operations necessary for the smooth operation of the main machine. For example, the construction of the visible part of the houses is carried out in two cycles. In parallel with the installation, carpentry works are being carried out, which prepare the building for painting.

In order for the number of workers in the brigade (N) to correspond to the performance of the main machine, the calculation is based on the duration of the work:

N = Q: T, where:

• Q - labor costs (person-day).
• T is the duration of the process.

The nuances of counting

The equipment operates in two shifts, and manual work is performed in one. The number of employees is determined by the composition of the team (10). In column 11, work performed in one shift is indicated by one line, in 2 shifts by two. Above them indicate the number of drivers and shifts: 2 x 1. Then, the standard period is compared with the real one. It is important that the approved schedule matches the actual one.

The calendar plan is estimated by the coefficient of uneven movement (Cr):

Cr = Nm: Nav, where:

• Nm - the maximum number of workers.
• Nav is the average number of employees.

If Cr <1.5, then the schedule is considered satisfactory.

Schedule

The schedule contains a visual display of the progress of work. The sequence depends on the specific decisions. For example, the method of laying electrical networks is determined by the stages of plastering, painting. Hidden wiring is installed before the decoration, open - to the plaster. It is also necessary to provide for technological breaks.

Of great importance is the period of the year and the construction area. In the summer, you need to do earthworks, concrete, reinforced concrete work. During this period, their complexity and cost are reduced. If the decoration falls on the autumn-winter period, then up to this point you need to finish the glazing and installation of heating. To reduce construction time, you can focus on parallel and cross-cutting work. But you must follow the rules of labor protection.

Scheduling begins with the main process, on which the entire duration depends. Time to complete work can be reduced by increasing the estimate and the number of staff. Depending on the season, the plan, the complexity of the tasks, several processes can be distinguished.

All other works are divided into two groups: performed in parallel and separately. The first group includes plumbing, electrical, plastering. The deadline is tied to the main process, the number of captures is set. The time to complete the second group of work is assigned during periods of inactivity.