So, today we will study such a thing as the norm of working time. Honestly, this moment is important for all employees. It will help protect yourself from unnecessary processing, as well as "win back" the legal weekend and vacation. Nevertheless, not everyone knows about the features of this concept. But now we will fix it. In reality, everything is not so difficult as it might seem at first glance.
Working time
But before you delve into the term "normal working hours", you should generally understand what is working time. In principle, one wording is already clear. This term refers to the period in which any employee is obliged to work and fulfill their duties on the basis of the Labor Code, as well as the contract concluded with the authorities.
Nothing difficult, right? Nevertheless, “working hours” is a loose concept in itself. Practice shows that in different positions the day lasts differently. Quite often, such a concept as “norms of working hours” is violated by employers. And employees are “harnessed” to work as much as the bosses wish. It should not be like that. Therefore, it is worth knowing some restrictions and norms.
Change
Let's start with you with some features of the work. For example, we’ll try to understand what hourly rate of working time per day should be worked out. It is clear that more often than not this is silent. After all, employers rarely think about the rights of employees. They need someone to work.
The rate of working time per shift varies depending on the age of the person. For example, up to 16 years of age, you can’t be forced to work more than 5 hours per shift, and until adulthood - more than 7 hours.
If we talk about ordinary employees, qualified personnel, then for them the rate per shift is set at 8 o’clock. This is provided that you have a 36-hour work week. And with a duration of 30 hours, 6 or less is required.
When combining work and study with adolescents from 14 to 16 years old, they should not be given a shift exceeding two and a half hours. Here is their normal working time per day. And up to 18 years it is 4 hours.
At night
Do not forget about night shifts. They are available in many positions. For example, in restaurants. And here, the hourly rate of working time, as practice shows, is violated even more often than during day shifts. Employers usually set the standard in the form of "work all night." It is not right. The norm of hours of working time in night shifts should not exceed 6 hours. And adolescents and children who combine study and work, generally do not have the right to leave in such positions. This is a well-known fact that usually stays in the background.
Shortened day
The norms of working hours, according to the code of the Russian Federation (Labor), include such a feature as a shortened day. Similar shifts are made in many cases. Not everyone knows about this either. This fact allows employers to establish shifts of 12–13 hours. This is simply not permissible. Especially if the work schedule is every other day or 5-6 days a week.
A shorter work schedule is set for employees under the age of 16 years no more than a day a week. Not much, but not too little. Until adulthood, a young shot cannot, according to the law, work more than 35 hours a week. But do not forget about the disabled. They also have a shortened work week. It is exactly the same as that of workers before the onset of legal capacity (full). And it is only 35 hours.
For the harmfulness of production, as well as in hazardous places of work, you can work no more than 36 hours a week. This norm of working time is established by law. And everyone and everyone should know about this.
Production calendar
But what is the norm of working time per year? How is it determined? What is needed for this? Of course, you can calculate all the rules yourself, using the data on shifts and the duration of the working week. Only it is not too convenient. And it’s easy to get confused here.
Therefore, you should turn to such a thing as a production calendar. This is a great assistant for any employee, as well as an accountant. It reflects all the norms for the quarters. Especially its use is convenient because every year the norm of working time (in hours, days, weeks) is changed by the state. And some days are postponed to another period. All this is reflected in the corresponding calendar.
It is preferable to use its electronic form. Norms will always be displayed on your computer. Finding a production calendar is quick and easy. But what kind of data are there for 2016? This worries many workers. I do not want to miss any holidays or just a laid-off weekend. Therefore, we will try to study this calendar as best as possible.
1st quarter
It should be noted right away - the norm of hours of working time and days here varies. It all depends on what labor week you have set. Fortunately, all data is available on the production calendar. What awaits employees in the first quarter of 2016?
In total, there are 91 days in this period. Of these, 35 are on weekends and holidays. The balance is given for working hours, and it is 56 days. But if you count in hours, it is better to establish your own framework every month. For example, in general, for the 1st quarter at a 40-hour week it is supposed to work 447 hours, at a 36-hour - 402.2, and at a 24-hour only 267.8 hours. Impressive numbers, right?
Please note that in January you will work 120, 108 and 72 hours, in February - 159, 143 and 95, in March - 168, 151.2 and 100.8 hours. In principle, this is not so much, if you think about it. In any case, such standards were established in 2016 by law.
2nd quarter
Unfortunately (or fortunately), the first quarter ends very quickly. And therefore, more and more employees are interested in what are the established standards for working hours for the 2nd period of work. Here the picture will not change significantly. After all, holidays and weekends there are 30 days, workers - 61.
By analogy with the previous data, you will have to work out in accordance with your work week. If you have a 40-hour bar, then 488 are supposed to work (of which 168 in April, 152 in May, and 168 in June). At the 36-hour week - 439.3. In this case, each month is scheduled to work 151.2, 136.8 and 151.2 hours, respectively. With a minimum working week, work out the legal 292.8 hours. In principle, compared to all other data, this is not so difficult. In April and June, in this situation, 100.8 hours are set for you, and in May - 91.2.
Last dash
So we got to the last points in the production calendar. We are talking about the 3rd and 4th quarters of 2016. Here, working days, according to the proposed data, total 66, and weekends - 26 (for the 3rd quarter) and 64/28 days, respectively, for the 4th. Working hourly standards are set according to a scheme already familiar to us. Here in the 3rd quarter we can hope for such figures:
- 40-hour week - 528 hours (July - 168, August - 186, September - 176);
- 36-hour - 475.2 (July - 151.2, August - 165.6, September - 158.4);
- 24 hours a week - 316.8 (100.8 hours, 110.4 and 105.6, respectively).
But the 4th quarter of 2016 is somewhat reminiscent of its predecessor. What exactly? October and December have exactly the same standards as July and September. But November is a little different. Nevertheless, not much. This month you will have to work:
- 40 hours a week - 167;
- 36-hour work week - 150.2;
- 24 hours a week - 99.8.
As you can see, our topic today is quite interesting.And in order to know how much is to be worked out, it is enough to study the Labor Code, as well as the production calendar. Save the received data. They will be useful to you.
