The procedure for the provision of medical care. Standards and quality of care

Various circumstances occur, for which many are simply not ready to meet. The main problem for a person not related to medicine is the provision of first aid. But such events, conducted competently and in a timely manner, can save not only the health, but even the life of the victim.

How is medical care provided?

But before proceeding, it is necessary to recall the procedure for providing medical care.

1. We provide safe conditions for ourselves and the victim (for example, if we are talking about removing a person from a burning car).
2. We check vital signs, namely: heartbeat, breathing, the reaction of the pupils to the light. In order to check breathing, you need to tilt the victim’s head back, lean against his mouth or nose and listen. To check the pulse, put your fingers on the carotid artery.
3. We call the ambulance from a mobile phone 112, from a landline - 03 or 01 (rescuers).
4. According to the situation, we provide first aid, that is, we restore the ability to breathe, do a heart massage or stop bleeding.
5. While we wait for the specialists, we provide the maximum comfort for the victim.

Medical treatment for bleeding

First aid for bleeding is necessary so that the victim as much as possible lost blood. There are three types of bleeding: arterial, venous and capillary.

In case of capillary bleeding, it is necessary to apply a disinfected dressing and raise the injured arm or leg.

If the bleeding is venous, a tightening dressing must be applied. We put a piece of gauze on the wound, cotton wool on top and rewind tightly with a bandage.

With arterial bleeding, you urgently need to squeeze the artery with force with your hand or fist. If necessary, make a tourniquet. It is placed on clothes slightly above the wound and tightened so that the skin below the tourniquet turns white. Then you need to apply a bandage to the wound and remember, and it is better to record the time, since the tourniquet can be kept for only one hour. After that, it is slightly weakened for 10 minutes, and then tightened for a quarter of an hour, no more.

Medical assistance if there is no possibility for victims to breathe air

Artificial respiration is the forced supply of oxygen to the respiratory tract for natural ventilation of the lungs. An effective way is to breathe air into the victim using the mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose technique.

In order to ensure ventilation, using the first of them, we turn the victim’s head to the side, remove blood, dirt, etc. from his mouth and clean the nasal passages. Then we lift his head, holding his neck, and pinch his nose. We take a deep breath, we press ourselves to the victim’s mouth and exhale air into his lungs. Ten breaths should be fast, with a frequency of twenty seconds, then fifteen breaths per minute.

Standards for fracture care

When bone integrity is impaired, it is accompanied by severe pain, shock, or loss of consciousness. Medical workers record two types of fractures: closed and open.

The procedure for providing medical care for a fracture:

1. Find a bone fracture site.
2. Stop the bleeding.
3. We determine whether it is possible to transport the victim to the ambulance station. If the spine is damaged, this cannot be done!
4. We fix the bones at the fracture site.
5. We impose the tire.As a tire, a stick, board, and more are suitable. We fix the tire tightly with bandages, but do not overtighten.

First aid for a burn

A burn is a mechanical injury to soft tissues under the influence of high temperature. Burns are: thermal (steam, hot liquid, flame), chemical (alkali, acid), electric, radiation and combined.

If the skin has turned red, then the burn refers to the first degree, if blisters appear on the red skin, then to the second, and if the muscles, ligaments or bones are damaged, to the third degree.

The provision of emergency medical care for a burn of the first degree is as follows:

• need to localize the source of damage;
• then gently release the damaged skin area from the clothes and rinse with a solution containing alcohol or vodka;
• after that, we wet the damage with water droplets, apply a clean dressing and apply something cold.

You can not use creams for pain relief, since a reverse effect is possible.

Providing medical care in the form of indirect heart massage

If there is a lack of pulse, you need to urgently do a heart massage. It is carried out in the form of a strong pressure on the muscles of this organ between the spine and the chest of the victim to ensure blood flow. The procedure for providing medical care in this case is as follows:

1. We put the victim on a hard surface.
2. We determine the location of the xiphoid process and measure 2–4 cm upwards from it.
3. We put our hands on one another at this place and press the base of the palm firmly and smoothly with a frequency of one hundred taps per minute.

The result of performing indirect heart massage depends not only on the location of the hands, but also on the position of the victim’s body. The force of pressure should be directed precisely at the xiphoid process in the lower chest.

It is very important that the person providing assistance is higher than the patient, for this it is necessary to stand on a chair or knees in front of the victim.

When pressed, the sternum should be compressed 5-6 cm to the spine, and the rate of pressure should be 55-60 times per minute.

What is meant by quality of care

There are such components of properly rendered assistance: the quality of the structure, technology and result. And the quality of medical care in general is a lot of parameters that imply:

• her rendering in due time;
• the faultlessness of ways to prevent severe consequences;
• recognition, treatment and rehabilitation after medical care;
• the result of the expected result.

The quality of the structure is the skill of medical staff, the existence and condition of medical support, the availability of drugs, the validity of the operation of these funds.

The quality of technology is determined by the way in which emergency medical care is provided to citizens, from the diagnosis to the end of treatment.

Quality of care

The quality of the result is a positive or negative result of the provision of medical assistance, which is envisaged by the standards of medical care. It is determined by the following criteria:

• the formation of the provision of medical care in terms of distribution by place of residence, work or study;
• the presence of the required number of medical staff with a high rate of experience;
• the permissibility of choosing a medical institution and attending physician in accordance with the Federal Law;
• permanent use, distribution, application and procedure for the provision of medical care for all segments of the population;
• the obligation of medical institutions to provide preferential medical care to citizens;
• location of medical facilities based on the needs of the population;
• the ability to get there by transport;
• admissibility to quickly and free of charge transport to a nearby medical organization in conditions that do not threaten the life and health of the patient.