In the 20th century, radiation substances began to be used in industry. First of all, they are involved in nuclear power plants. Radiation elements are also used in equipment, devices, lamps. They are used even in medicine to treat cancer.
But due to unforeseen circumstances, accidents, explosions, fires occur in those industries where there is a large amount of radiation material. Unfortunately, enterprises are located on the surface, near or in the settlements themselves. This article will be useful and relevant to those who live near similar objects. It is very important to know the rules of conduct in radiation accidents.
A bit about Chernobyl
Who has not heard of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant? Probably, many have heard about it, especially those who live in nearby regions, have the status of a victim of the Chernobyl accident and state benefits. The night of April 26-27, 1986. It is from this moment that a tragic story begins, which left a mark forever. The city of Pripyat, most likely, will never be residential. Today, only courageous young people make their way into the infected area.
But never before have people dealt with radiation. Of course, radio elements existed, because on their basis, nuclear power plants of the whole world worked and continue to work. But what to do if an accident occurs, no one knew. Then even no one made the rules of conduct in radiation accidents. Residents of the city of Pripyat (Ukraine), near which the Chernobyl nuclear power plant is located, could not know that something serious had happened.
Modern rules
After the Chernobyl story, they began to develop safety rules for workers and residents that exist to this day. Unfortunately, people neglect them, believing that nothing else will happen. In vain. After all, life, health, both personal and close, depends only on you. Therefore, let's learn simple and affordable rules of conduct in a radiation accident.
We will now list them briefly, then give detailed answers and examples. So, here are the basic rules that should be followed in radiation accidents:
- if you find out about radiation contamination while on the street, hurry back home;
- close all windows, doors, ventilation openings in your home;
- in your first-aid kit should be iodine, cotton wool and bandages, and in the kitchen - baking soda;
- Do not let children or pets go outside;
- in no case do not harvest in your area;
- do not drink water from a column, wells, ponds;
- listen to the radio;
- it is desirable to have a working dosimeter;
- Follow all the requirements of the authorities of the village;
- follow the rules of evacuation.
Remember that you need to stay calm, not lose your mind and common sense. What are we talking about? It is impossible to feel, see, smell or hear radiation. It seems that she is not at all. You need to drive away from yourself such a thought.
Radiation Alert Announced
In small cities there should be a radio announcement, especially in those where there are dangerous enterprises, such as nuclear power plants or factories for the manufacture of radio equipment. Listen carefully if something is announced. On the contrary, when there are no warning systems, but information is transmitted by word of mouth, by telephone, it is better to believe. Suddenly this is not a joke? Never joke on such a topic, even on April 1. Explain this to children as well.
So, you are on the street, hurry about your business or work / home. Suddenly they announce that an accident at a nuclear power plant has occurred.As a rule, the release of radiation into the environment occurs instantly. Remember this. You will always have time to run to the entrance of your house, but everything around is already infected. What are the rules of conduct for radiation accidents? Firstly, it makes no sense to take refuge in shops, train stations, hospitals or schools. It is not rain that can end in half an hour. Go straight home, do not linger anywhere.
Upon arrival home
If you live in a private house, then leave shoes, outerwear on the porch or on the street. Better not touch them anymore. Close all windows, windows, slots, doors, ventilation holes. Outside, air must not enter. Turn the air conditioner off and on. Be sure to take a shower. Wash hair thoroughly, body parts that have been opened. These are the simple rules of conduct for radiation accidents for the population. And this is just the beginning.
Who is warned is armed
If you live near dangerous enterprises, you must know the rules by heart. And you should have in stock iodine in the medicine cabinet. Why is he? The fact is that a weak iodine solution has a disinfecting and preventive effect. What should be done if radiation contamination is announced? During the week, take a glass of clean water with 2-3 drops of 5% iodine solution. 1-2 drops are enough for children. A good substitute is potassium iodide tablets. An adult needs to take 1 tablet per day, and a child, depending on age - 1/4 or 1/2.
The rules for conduct during a radiation accident also have a clause on protective clothing. Of course, the military, workers in chemical and radiation enterprises have protective suits with the official name OZK. It is not necessary for a civilian and an ordinary citizen to buy such clothes, especially since they still need to be able to use them. Therefore, get a good raincoat with a hood, rubber boots (ideally up to the knees or above), rubber gloves, a respirator.
Back to the medicine cabinet. You should have enough bandages, cotton wool to make protective bandages on your face. It is advisable to have safety glasses that completely cover your eyes from the surrounding air.
Magic soda
It will not be superfluous if you make a large supply of soda. It is worth talking about its multifaceted benefits. Sodium bicarbonate is her chemical name. Rules of conduct for radiation accidents should include a paragraph on soda. How does it affect the human body? Soda removes toxins, heavy metals from the body and eliminates radioactive substances. It is recommended to rinse your mouth with soda after returning home. But for the body as a whole, there is another way.
Put a teaspoon of soda in a glass, pour hot boiled water. Soda should be slaked. This will be evidenced by a hiss when the substance reacts with boiling water or just hot water (at least 60 degrees). You need to drink on an empty stomach in the morning, about half an hour before a meal.
Urgent affairs and walk
What to do if you urgently need to leave the house? For example, you need to visit an elderly relative, help him with something.
It is recommended that the rules of conduct and actions during radiation accidents be observed as clearly as possible. If you need to go with a bag or bag, then wrap them in plastic wrap, wrap in oilcloth or cling film. After all, it is very important that radiation dust does not get on objects. Do not leave slots anywhere. It is better to wrap the bag completely, together with the strap.
Put on rubber boots, tuck in trousers / jumpsuit. In no case do not go in shorts, skirts, nylon tights. All parts of the body must be tightly closed. Throw in a raincoat, tie a hood so that even your face is tightly hidden. Hands should be at least in rubber gloves. Make a bandage from bandages and gauze if you do not have a respirator. Moisten it with water, preferably with a solution of iodine.Do not remove the mask on the street. Eyes should also be protected with special glasses.
As the rules of conduct in radiation accidents say, you should not sit on the street anywhere. Leaning against trees, walls, pillars is also prohibited. It is not recommended to linger on the street for a long time. You need to do urgent things very quickly and return home. In no case do not let the children go for a walk. Do not walk your pets. But what about those who have a dog? The owner can only choose: either general safety, or infection of the animal with radiation. Teach your dog to use the toilet or leave specially torn paper and newspapers.
Where to get food?
Of course, you can’t carry anything from your garden. Even a thorough washing of vegetables, fruits, berries will not help. Everything is infected, unfortunately. It is worth noting that it is dangerous to carry sand, tools, boards and other objects home. Even on a small berry there may be a strong radiation background, then your precautions when you are outdoors will be useless.
The rules for safe conduct in radiation accidents include a food item. It is recommended that you buy products only in stores, especially those that are well-packed. Do not take vegetables, fruits in supermarkets. After all, it is highly likely that they received their dose of radiation. Better pay attention to branded packaging with nuts, dried fruits, pasta, buckwheat. Be sure to purchase a few more packages of baking soda.
Ponds
In no case do not swim in the ponds in the infected areas. You can not draw water from columns, springs, wells. Even collecting rainwater is highly discouraged. All of this is indicated by the rules of conduct in radiation accidents and pollution. Drinking water is best bought at the store in plastic bottles. By the way, it is highly likely that tap water will also be contaminated. All residents of the house or residents of private houses must be aware of this.
Home dosimeter
It is advisable to purchase an electronic dosimeter for home use in advance. Before buying, make sure that the device is working. Before using, study what SanPiN standards exist, find out the maximum permissible values, find out what environmental radiation is measured in. Of course, you will have to use the device constantly after an accident at radiation hazardous facilities. The rules of conduct in most cases do not provide for the mandatory presence of dosimeters, but nevertheless it is worth having such a device.
Evacuation
Watch the radio or turn on the TV. Communicate with family by phone as needed. Sooner or later you should be evacuated from the infected area. Be prepared for this. When evacuating, strict rules for conduct in radiation accidents apply. Each citizen should have a memo, or at least the family should have one for all:
- listen to the team of authorities;
- follow verbal instructions;
- get in the vehicle you are pointing to;
- when leaving the infected area, leave clothing, shoes;
- change into clean clothes.
If all the requirements are observed, then you can protect yourself as much as possible from radiation and subsequent radiation sickness.
